“…The solid-state transformer (SST) has been applied for traction purpose by ABB, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, due to the advantages of low volume and weight [21][22][23][24]. The smart transformer (ST) [27,28], instead, aims to provide ancillary services to the distribution grid [28][29][30][31][32], more than simply adapting the voltage level from MV to LV grids, like in the SST case. Compared to the HT, the ST is more flexible to offer frequency support, voltage control, reactive power compensation, power flow regulation, power congestion control.…”