Multi-Frequency DEP Cytometer Employing a Microwave Sensor for Dielectric Analysis of Single Cells

A review of polystyrene bead manipulation by dielectrophoresis

“…Commercialized cell sorter systems, such as uorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and cell labeling, require tedious cell preparation, whereas DEP is a simple and cost-effective technique that can be implemented in this area. DEP-based cell separation has signicant promise for the separation of cells from heterogeneous mixtures based on their electrical properties and is used in cell purication, such as in the purication of human promyelocytic leukaemia cells (HL-60) 38 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, 175 or target cell isolation. The DEP technique offers advantageous identication and differentiation of target cells as compared to the conventional FACS approach.…”

Real‐time monitoring of Escherichia coli concentration with planar microwave resonator sensor

“…Their simple, inexpensive, and robust structure along with noncontact operation make these sensors attractive as a practical sensing tool. Furthermore, their utility in various environments via electrical field interactions mitigates user intervention of the device, creating increasingly stable results …”

“…Furthermore, their utility in various environments via electrical field interactions mitigates user intervention of the device, creating increasingly stable results. 10 The integration of microfluidic structures with microwave resonators brings very attractive characteristics to microwave sensors and enables high-throughput analysis in constant volumes in the range of nanoliters to milliliters. 11,12 This aspect allows inspection of live cells in a closed microfluidic chip, while reducing the risk of environmental contamination.…”

Biological cell discrimination based on their high frequency dielectropheretic signatures at UHF frequencies

“…Currently the development of sensitive and label-free biosensors, able to handle biological cells for individual and accurate analysis, attracts many research efforts especially in the microwave community [1][2][3][4][5]. Labeling procedures are generally expensive, time-consuming and potentially cytotoxic, whereas label-free detection can preserve cell viability and enable post-analysis cell utilization.…”

“…By probing the cytoplasm content, UHF frequency signals can provide further insights on intracellular physical specificities. These can be in turn correlated to biological properties or physiological mechanisms such as cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, pathological state [10]… Therefore, extending DEP techniques to UHF frequencies could be very promising to develop novel flowing cell dielectric analysis methods and setup a new generation of high-throughput microwave cell cytometers as shown in [3].…”