Multi-exposure human health risks assessment of trihalomethanes in drinking water of Egypt

Mishaqa, El‐Sayed I.; Radwan, Emad K.; Ibrahim, M.B.M.; Hegazy, Talaat; Ibrahim, Mahmoud

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112643

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The total THMs in this study was 76.3 µg/L, which was lower than the prescribed USEPA standards of 80 μg/L [45] . This finding is also lower than those of other studies [10] , [19] , [46] . However, it is higher than a study report from Southern Mauritius and Iran [46] , [47] .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…According to their findings, chloroform's percentage contribution to overall risks was the highest. However, other studies [36] and [10] reported that BDCM had the highest percentage contributions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…There are four steps in this process: assessing exposure and toxicity, gathering and analyzing data, characterizing risks, and managing risks [28] . THMs were evaluated for their potential to cause human cancer using Equation

and three different exposure methods: oral ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation [10] .

where CSF is the cancer slope factor and CDI (mg/kg/day) is the chronic daily intake.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even at very low doses, these DBPs are detrimental to human health. These health hazards could include different malignancies, reproductive issues, birth deformities, and miscarriage [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] . THMs are regularly considered as indicative of DBPs in human health risk assessments [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment of trihalomethanes (THMs) for water supply consumers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tafesse

Porcelli

Bacha³

et al. 2023

Toxicology Reports

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

and three different exposure methods: oral ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation [10] .

where CSF is the cancer slope factor and CDI (mg/kg/day) is the chronic daily intake.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment of trihalomethanes (THMs) for water supply consumers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tafesse

Porcelli

Bacha³

et al. 2023

Toxicology Reports

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“…21,30,31 THMs are routinely treated as illustrative of DBPs in human health risk assessments. 32 THMs are a class of DBPs that include chloroform (CHCl 3 ), bromodichloromethane (CHCl 2 Br), bromoform (CHBr 3 ) and chlorodibromomethane (CHClBr 2 ). Several epidemiological studies have discovered links between chlorination byproducts and increased cancer risks in the bladder, colon, blood, stomach, and rectum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tafesse

Porcelli

Gari

et al. 2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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Background: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from chlorinated drinking water have been linked to an increased risk of cancer in the bladder, stomach, colon, and rectum. No studies showed the independent trends and prevalence of these cancers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and trends of disinfection byproducts-related cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Data were collected from the Addis Ababa Cancer Registry. Spatial data sets were produced and classified into households receiving chlorinated surface water and less chlorinated groundwater. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to evaluate whether there was a disinfection byproducts-related cancers (DBRCs) trend among communities receiving chlorinated water. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the incidence rate. Results: A total of 11, 438 cancer cases were registered between 2012 and 2016, and DBRCs accounted for approximately 17%. The majority of the total cancer cases were female; 7,706 (67%). The prevalence of DBRCs was found to be higher in communities supplied with chlorinated water. From 2012 to 2016, the trend of colon cancer increased (β = 10.3, P value = .034); however, esophageal cancer decreased (β = −6.5, P value = .018). Approximately 56% of colorectal cancer patients and 53% of stomach cancer patients are known to be using chlorinated surface water for drinking regularly. In addition, approximately 57.1% and 54% of kidney and bladder cancer patients, respectively, used chlorinated surface water. Conclusion: The prevalence of DBRCs in this study was found to be high. The colon cancer trend increased substantially from 2012 to 2016. The prevalence of DBRCs was higher in communities supplied with chlorinated surface water. Similarly, the prevalence of DBRCs was higher among males than females. Further study is required to validate the association between DBRCs and water chlorination.

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Trihalomethanes monitoring and their seasonal variation in urban municipal water supply system in North India

Mazhar,

Ahmed,

Singh

et al. 2024

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Multi-exposure human health risks assessment of trihalomethanes in drinking water of Egypt

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment of trihalomethanes (THMs) for water supply consumers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment of trihalomethanes (THMs) for water supply consumers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Trihalomethanes monitoring and their seasonal variation in urban municipal water supply system in North India

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