Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks

Abstract

Multi-enzyme cascade reactions are indispensable in biotechnology and many industrial (bio)chemical processes. However, most natural enzymes have poor stability and reusability, and tend to inactivate in toxic media or high temperature, which significantly limit their broader applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for enzymes immobilization to produce nanocomposite structures that not only could shield the enzymes from harsh environments, but also facilitate selective diffusion of substrates and intermediates to the reactive site via their tailorable and ordered pore network. Multi-enzyme cascade reactions in MOFs have recently attracted considerable attention. This Personal Account discusses the different strategies for multi-enzyme-MOF interfaces and their cutting-edge applications from biosensing and catalytic nanomedicine to artificial/hybrid cells. At last, we provide a critical evaluation and future prospects to outline future research directions.

Hierarchically Porous Biocatalytic MOF Microreactor as a Versatile Platform towards Enhanced Multienzyme and Cofactor‐Dependent Biocatalysis

“…[3] To realize the efficient concerted assembly of multienzyme or cofactorenzyme in one pot, efficient immobilization strategy on solid matrices is an effective way to enhance enzymes and cofactors compartmentalization, stability,r ecovery as well as reusability. [4] Recently,m etal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable attention for enzymes and cofactors immobilization, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] because of their distinctive properties including structural diversity,u ltrahigh surface area and porosity,a sw ell as uniform and controllable surface chemistry and pore size, [13][14][15][16] which enables size-selective diffusion of reactants to the active site through their tailorable porous networks,m eanwhile protects enzymes and cofactors from many inhospitable environments. [9][10][11] However, the current immobilization strategies of enzymes within MOFs are still facing significant limitations.F or example,t he enzyme structure/function may be perturbated by covalently linking enzymes to as urface; [17] enzyme leaching and random orientation may occur by physical adsorption;and undesired enzyme conformational change could be resulted by steric trapping or coprecipitation/biomineralization within MOFs.…”

Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Versatile Materials Platform for Unlocking New Potentials in Biocatalysis

“…[ 88,89 ] Various supporting materials including MOFs have been proposed to construct the artificial systems for multienzyme coimmobilization. [ 90–92 ]…”

Trends and Prospects in UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Framework for CO2 Capture, Separation, and Conversion

“…With such a vast library of frameworks of great diversity in their intrinsic properties, MOFs are increasingly becoming a part of the broad spectrum of applications in numerous fields [24] . Due to its diverse structural properties, MOFs are extensively used in storage, [25–28] electro and chemical catalysis, [29–35] thermal catalysis, [36] gases separation, [3,37–41] medicine, [42,43] removal of dyes and organic contaminants, [44–46] aromatics, [47] electrochemical devices, [48,49] nanomaterials synthesis, [50] luminescence, [51] and sensing applications [52] …”