Multi-environmentally stable and underwater adhesive DNA ionogels enabling flexible strain sensor

Super tough and high adhesive eutectic ionogels enabled by high-density hydrogen bond network

“…It is evident that the mechanical performance of ChGly–NHEMAA ionogels surpasses the majority of the reported ionogels and hydrogels. These include poly(AA)/acrylated cytosine (Ca)–acrylated guanine (Ga)/sodium caseinate (SC)/Al 3+ ionogel, 36 poly(deep eutectic solvent mixture (DEST)/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic (AMPS)) eutectic gel, 27 poly( tert -butyl styrene- block -(4-hydroxystyrene-random-methyl acrylate)) (PSHM)/poly( tert -butyl styrene- block -(2-vinyl pyridine-random-methyl acrylate)) (PSVM)/[EMI][TFSI] (IL) ionogel, 37 poly(acrylamide (AM)–acrylonitrile (AN)–maleic acid (MA))/Fe 3+ hydrogel, 38 poly( N , N -dimethylacrylamide (DAAM)/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid (AMPS)) hydrogel, 39 multiscale-structured ionogel (M-gel), 40 PAM/4-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid-1-vinylimidazole (PBA)/cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) hydrogels, 41 PDMAA/Zr-MOF (Zr-metal–organic frameworks)/IL (UiO-66) ionogel, 42 poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA)–AM)/IL ionogel, 43 PAA/Fe 3+ /IL ionogel, 44 poly 2-[[(butylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl acrylate (PBACOEA)/IL ionogel, 45 PAM/gelatin/EG hydrogel. 46 Additionally, the figure highlights the wide range of mechanical property tuning achievable in the ChGly–NHEMAA system.…”

“…It is evident that the mechanical performance of ChGly-NHEMAA ionogels surpasses the majority of the reported ionogels and hydrogels. These include poly(AA)/acrylated cytosine (Ca)-acrylated guanine (Ga)/sodium caseinate (SC)/Al 3+ ionogel, 36 45 PAM/gelatin/EG hydrogel. 46 Additionally, the gure highlights the wide range of mechanical property tuning achievable in the ChGly-NHEMAA system.…”

A Tough and Reusable Ionogel Adhesive for Flexible Strain Sensor

“…Ionogel adhesives offer functionalities that traditional adhesives struggle to encompass, such as conductivity, moisture resistance, and strong adhesion. Additionally, the ability to enhance bonding strength through noncovalent interactions with substrates is an advantage of ionogel adhesives. − However, most of the ionogels reported in the existing literature tend to suffer from low cohesive strength, exhibiting issues such as poor fracture strength (<1 MPa), low toughness (<5 MJ/m 3 ), and small modulus (<0.1 MPa). − Nevertheless, the elevated bonding strength coupled with a lower cohesive strength can lead to structural damage during practical adhesion–peeling scenarios, resulting in adhesive tearing, deformation, and surface contamination. Consequently, ionogel adhesives may exhibit suboptimal performance in long-term and repetitive usage scenarios.…”

Hydrophobic TPU/CNTs-ILs Ionogel as a Reliable Multimode and Flexible Wearable Sensor for Motion Monitoring, Information Transfer, and Underwater Sensing

“…Flexible strain sensors are prone to degradation of the sensing performance and lifetime when in harsh environments. For example, moisture may penetrate the conductive path of the sensor, which can cause the sensor response signal to be distorted under humid conditions. − The application environment of the flexible strain sensor is a factor that must be considered.…”