Multi-element Saha Boltzmann plot (MESBP) coupled calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS): an efficient approach for quantitative elemental analysis

Abstract

The development of calibration-free Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) has reduced the challenges faced by quantitative elemental analysis using conventional methods and expanded the scope of LIBS as an analytical technique....

A numerical procedure for understanding the self-absorption effects in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…22 Numerous new and improved CF-LIBS methods are presented with noticeably better quantitative results. 27,38–41 Self-absorption is a problem for CF-LIBS and calibration curves, so lines without it or lines corrected for self-absorption should be used for calculations. 4 Compared to the calibration curves method, the self-absorption effect has a greater impact on the sensitivity of the CF-LIBS procedure.…”

Impact of intensity error on temperature estimation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a numerical study

“…In analytical plasma, the emission spectra deviate from the simulated spectrum due to various factors, such as selfabsorption, variations in detector efficiency across different wavelengths, laser pulse energy fluctuations, ambient pressure, and the presence of inert gases. Incorporating all these effects into simulated spectra is challenging [9,13]. As a result, we introduced random errors to the intensity of emission lines, ranging from 5% to 35%.…”

“…Additionally, accurate plasma temperature estimation is essential for quantitative studies by the calibration-free LIBS method [7]. A small change in plasma temperature severely affects the precision of compositional results [8,9]. The laser parameters, ambient conditions, and sample properties greatly influence the LPP temperature.…”

“…Spectroscopy techniques are widely used to determine plasma temperature [4]. There are various methods in the literature for estimating plasma temperature by spectroscopy studies, including the Boltzmann plot method (BP) [16], Boltzmann two-line method [17], Saha-Boltzmann plot method (SBP) [18], Saha-Boltzmann two-line method [19], multi-elemental SBP method (MESBP) [9], line-to-continuum method [20], Synthetic spectra method, etc [6,21]. Many applications, including surface processing, material modification, thin film deposition, and hazardous gas remediation, require an understanding of the plasma temperature [6].…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…Another paper to discuss mathematical treatment of calibration-free LIBS was presented by John et al who coupled it with multi-element Saha–Boltzmann plots during the analysis of Vitallium alloy. 54 In conventional calibration-free LIBS, the Y intercept of the Boltzmann plot is used for estimating the concentration of analytes in the sample. Therefore, the accuracy of the measurement is very dependent on the slope of the graph being correct and, unfortunately, uncertainties in transition probability, statistical fluctuations and self-absorption can affect this.…”