Multi-element reachthrough avalanche photodiodes

Webb, P.P.

doi:10.1109/t-ed.1984.21689

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The reach-through type of APD (Figure 4) is the most appropriate structure for measuring particles Figure 4. A typical internal structure of reach-through type of APD [e.g., Webb and Jones, 1974;Webb and McIntyre, 1984;Refaat et al, 2000;Moszyński et al, 2002]. The most remarkable property of the reach-through device is that the avalanche region is separated from an absorption region.…”

Section: Avalanche Photodiodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Next‐generation solid‐state detectors for charged particle spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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The performance of silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and single crystal chemical vapor deposit diamond detectors (DDs) is reviewed in comparison with conventional silicon‐based solid‐state detectors (SSDs) from the perspective of space plasma applications. Although the low‐energy threshold and the energy resolution are equivalent to SSDs, DDs offer a high radiation tolerance and very low leakage currents due to a wider band gap than silicon. In addition, DDs can operate at higher temperatures, are insensitive to light (>226 nm), and are capable of timing analysis due to the higher intrinsic carrier mobility. APDs also offer several advantageous features. Specifically, APDs have a lower energy threshold (<0.9 keV) and a higher energy resolution (<0.7 keV full width at half maximum at room temperature), along with a linear response due to a strong electric field causing signal amplifications within the detector. Therefore, APDs can be used to detect lower energy particles, covering a larger portion of the energy spectrum than conventional SSDs. Further, the strong internal electric field gives them a subnanosecond response time by the charge mobility saturation, allowing them to make precise timing measurements of ions. These novel detector techniques can be potentially applied to improve the measurements of suprathermal particles, whose energies lie between typical ranges of conventional sensors for low‐energy plasmas and energetic particles. Although the origin and evolution of the suprathermal particles are the key to understanding the acceleration and heating processes in space plasma, they are not well understood due to the technical difficulties of making the measurement.

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Section: Avalanche Photodiodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical internal structure of reach‐through type of APD [e.g., Webb and Jones , ; Webb and McIntyre , ; Refaat et al , ; Moszyński et al , ]. The most remarkable property of the reach‐through device is that the avalanche region is separated from an absorption region.…”

Section: Avalanche Photodiodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐generation solid‐state detectors for charged particle spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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“…The spl 3989 has a depletion layer of 30 ȝm. Electrons of the carrier pairs generated by an injected electron experience first a region of low electric field, and drift to a narrow region of high electric field where avalanche multiplication occurs [Webb et al, 1974;Webb et al, 1984;Refaat et al, 2000]. The reach-through device needs relatively low voltage (several hundreds of volts) for full depletion due to the narrow avalanche region.…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Measurement Technique for Medium-Energy Electrons

Ogasawara¹,

Asamura²,

Takashima³

et al. 2009

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Development of the quadrupole mass spectrometer with the Bessel-Box type energy analyzer: Function of the energy analyzer in the partial pressure measurements ABSTRACTThe information on energy spectra of 1-100 keV electrons is expected to provide an important clue to understand heating and acceleration mechanisms of magnetospheric plasmas. However, electrons of several keV to several tens of keV are not properly verified by observations owing to the problems in the measurement techniques. This study aims to bridge this gap by applying Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) to the detection of electrons. The internal gain of APDs enables high-resolution detection of low-energy electrons down to several keV. We have tested an APD: Type spl 3989, Hamamatsu Photonics Co. Ltd. The APD responded to 2-40 keV electrons with the fine peaks of the out put pulse height distributions. Although the experiment is limited to 40 keV, electrons up to about 60 keV are predicted to be detectable with this APD from the simulation. We also have successfully made a verification test by the sounding rocket of ISAS/JAXA targeting medium energy electrons.

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“…In the absorption region, the p þ layer at an active surface is followed by the a wide depletion layer (traditionally it ranges 10-100 mm), which increases the electron absorption depth. Electrons of the carrier pairs generated by an injected electron experience first a region of low electric field, and drift to a narrow region of high electric field where the avalanche multiplication occurs [11][12][13]. The reach-through device needs relatively low voltage (several hundreds of volts) for full depletion due to the narrow avalanche region.…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%