Multi-element characterization of archaeological floors at the prehistoric archaeological sites at Ban Non Wat and Nong Hua Raet in Northeast Thailand

Sedimentary Landscape of Mun Valley Prehistoric Site: Construction History of Moated Site of Ban Non Wat, Northeast Thailand

“…These observations fit with many years of detailed archaeological excavation, which has revealed complex site sedimentary histories [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Such work has provided evidence for environmental change and the human-environment relationships associated with these that allow us to start developing deeper and more nuanced understandings of socio-environmental processes [14,15].…”

“…Diatom analysis has previously resulted in a similar conclusion [1]. A geochemical analysis of the same sediments also clearly clustered (PCA analysis) the hard floor sediments with the presence of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and ferrous in higher concentrations than to the general spit sediments [16]. Fine laminar layering of the clay floors has been recorded at these and other sites in the region [22], and it has been suggested that the construction process of these features was the same throughout the period of prehistoric occupation.…”

“…Where sediments were recovered from these spits, they are labelled 'General spit'. Amongst these were a few distinctive sedimentary features, the most notable being labelled 'Hard floor', a notable layer of compacted sediments, excavated as a feature [16]. Several river channels were identified cutting through the archaeological sediments, and samples were collected immediately below the cut, within it, either as channel fill or archaeological material above it but within the cut of the channel, or above the cut.…”

“…The 76 radiocarbon samples were obtained by Higham in 2011 [12] and provide a definitive chronological framework for the entire sequence from the Neolithic to the end of the Iron Age, and have allowed an analysis of the flow of life at Ban Non Wat based mainly on the patterning of human burials, the superposition of burials and similarities in mortuary behaviors. The cultural sequence of the site began with a probable hunter-gatherer group and ended in the late Iron Age [16,18,21,22].…”

Waste disposal in late Iron Age and early Roman Silchester: A geochemical comparison of pits, post holes, ditches and wells in Insula IX

“…It is not surprising, therefore that all the negative features sampled contain P concentrations well above our baseline (Table 1b), the highest concentrations of P are found in the pit samples with the cess pit samples second. This is as one would expect given the contents of the cess pit and the rubbish pits, both can be expected to have contained both animal and human excrement as well as ash from fires and plant remains both of which are sources of P (Middleton , 2004;Kanthilatha, Boyd & Chang, 2014).…”