Multi-element and mineralogical analysis of mineral ores using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

Death, David L.; Cunningham, A.P.; Pollard, Leslie J.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2009.07.017

Cited by 78 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The concept of geochemical fingerprinting holds that minerals form in certain structures according to sets of well-understood rules (i.e., mineral stoichiometry) and that the chemical composition of a mineral or rock reflects the geological environment and processes associated with its formation [81]. In an LIBS context, geochemical fingerprinting uses the totality of chemical information contained in a broadband emission spectrum to provide a qualitative compositional comparison and discrimination amongst a group of related samples through chemometric analysis of their LIBS spectra [69,[82][83][84][85][86]. As noted by Harmon et al [79], although elemental identification and quantification is a primary LIBS capability, geochemical fingerprinting by LIBS can also be readily used (i) to discriminate between rocks and minerals of similar appearance but different composition, (ii) for stratigraphic correlation of volcanic, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks, and (iii) to determine geomaterial provenance when used in conjunction with statistical chemometric data processing techniques.…”

Section: Elemental Detection and Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—An Emerging Analytical Tool for Mineral Exploration

et al. 2019

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The mineral exploration industry requires new methods and tools to address the challenges of declining mineral reserves and increasing discovery costs. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) represents an emerging geochemical tool for mineral exploration that can provide rapid, in situ, compositional analysis and high-resolution imaging in both laboratory and field and settings. We demonstrate through a review of previously published research and our new results how LIBS can be applied to qualitative element detection for geochemical fingerprinting, sample classification, and discrimination, as well as quantitative geochemical analysis, rock characterization by grain size analysis, and in situ geochemical imaging. LIBS can detect elements with low atomic number (i.e., light elements), some of which are important pathfinder elements for mineral exploration and/or are classified as critical commodities for emerging green technologies. LIBS data can be acquired in situ, facilitating the interpretation of geochemical data in a mineralogical context, which is important for unraveling the complex geological history of most ore systems. LIBS technology is available as a handheld analyzer, thus providing a field capability to acquire low-cost geochemical analyses in real time. As a consequence, LIBS has wide potential to be utilized in mineral exploration, prospect evaluation, and deposit exploitation quality control. LIBS is ideally suited for field exploration programs that would benefit from rapid chemical analysis under ambient environmental conditions. Minerals 2019, 9, 718 2 of 45 government to search for additional mineral resources in green-field (i.e., remote) and brown-field (i.e., near mine) exploration environments [7][8][9]. However, the global trends of declining mineral reserves for many commodities and increasing discovery costs [3,4,10] suggest that exploration investment is insufficient and/or is not being deployed in the most effective manner possible. Both trends are also occurring at a time when new mineral deposit discoveries tend to be deeper, covered, and/or more remote, which are unlike near-surface mines that were often found, at least initially, by prospectors [4,[7][8][9]11].To address increasing demand and declining mineral reserves from deeper and more challenging deposits, the mineral exploration industry had to evolve and innovate by adopting new, cost-effective methodologies and technologies. For example, new conceptual models provide a predictive framework to identify the kinds of large-scale geological environments that should be considered the most prospective for finding additional mineral resources in greenfield areas of sparse geological data [12-15]. The ore system concept, which includes all of the geological processes required to transport and concentrate ore components from source to ore (i.e., drivers, sources, pathways, and traps), is one such predictive framework [12][13][14]16]. Because each of the required ore-forming components is manifested in the rock record as chan...

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Section: Elemental Detection and Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—An Emerging Analytical Tool for Mineral Exploration

et al. 2019

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“…Currently the most common applications are material quality control in manufacturing and pharmaceutical settings (Sattman et al, 1995(Sattman et al, , 1998Zhang et al, 1999;Gruber et al, 2001;Noll et al, 2001;St-Onge et al, 2005). Increasingly, however, researchers are pushing the application boundaries of LIBS use, including environmental and geologic studies (Sirven et al, 2006;McMillan et al, 2007;Death et al, 2009;Gottfried et al, 2009;Pandhija et al, 2010;Pease, 2013). The growing interest in LIBS over a wide range of applications stems from its unique advantages over other analytical methods in that it is minimally destructive, requires little or no sample preparation, has a relatively low operational cost, and can analyze composition at pin-point locations as small as 0.1 mm.…”

Section: Libs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Source provenance of carbonate grains in the Wahiba Sand Sea, Oman, using a new LIBS method

Pease

Tchakerian

2014

Aeolian Research

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“…Different calibration curve approaches have been reported, including the use of line intensity [4]- [7], line intensity ratio between different elements [4], [8]- [10], linear correlation coefficient between the plasma spectrum to a standard spectrum [11], [12], or peak intensity to baseline ratio [13]. Calibration-free approach using Boltzmann plot [14]- [16], standard-less analysis approach by matching the experimental data to the theoretical model predictions [16], [17], and principal component analysis approach [18], [19] have also been reported. However, because of the uncertainty of the transition probability, nonlinear interaction between laser and material, sample heterogeneity, plasma in-homogeneity and matrix effect, laser induced plasma shows an intrinsic fluctuation, which normally results in 10 30% inaccuracy [20] and unsatisfactory repeatability of composition analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Cr Measurement Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy During Direct Metal Deposition Process

Song

Mazumder

2012

IEEE Sensors J.

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Real-time chromium composition analysis during direct metal deposition of pure chromium and H13 tool steel materials was performed using optical emission spectroscopy of the laser-induced plasma. Four second-order polynomial calibration curves were constructed using spectral line intensity ratios between two neutral chromium lines and two neutral iron lines. Second-order polynomial calibration curves were also formed using plasma temperature and electron density. The plasma temperature was obtained using Boltzmann plot of nine neutral iron lines between 370 nm and 390 nm. The electron density was estimated using Stark broadening of Fe-I line at 426.047 nm. Chromium concentration in the range from 10% to 60% was measured using these calibration curves in real-time during synthesis process and verified from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the manufactured parts. The measurement from line intensity ratio calibration curve is more accurate and has less standard deviation than that from plasma temperature and electron density calibration curves. The accuracy of the measured chromium concentration is within 2.78% in at.% and the average resolution of the measurement is around 5.12% in at.% from the averaged values of four line intensity ratio calibration curves.Index Terms-Composition analysis, direct metal deposition, laser materials-processing applications, optical emission spectroscopy.

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Multi-element and mineralogical analysis of mineral ores using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

Cited by 78 publications

References 33 publications

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—An Emerging Analytical Tool for Mineral Exploration

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—An Emerging Analytical Tool for Mineral Exploration

Source provenance of carbonate grains in the Wahiba Sand Sea, Oman, using a new LIBS method

Real Time Cr Measurement Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy During Direct Metal Deposition Process

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