Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Fish and Fish Handlers in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Grema, Hafsat Ali; Geidam, Yaqub Ahmed; Suleiman, Abubakar; Gulani, Isa Adamu; Birma, Roy Bitrus

doi:10.19026/ijava.7.5240

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It was noticed that the grown colonies were varied in numbers according to the type of sample. The microbial loads of the tested samples are presented in Table 1 The isolation of these organisms from fish is supported by the work of Grema et al [36] where who isolated most of the species obtained in our work but in different country; S. aureus, Streptococcus sp., E. coli, Proteus sp. and Brucella sp.…”

Section: Isolation Of Bacterial Culturessupporting

confidence: 73%

Occurrence of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Some Selected Street Food Samples

Elsayed

2019

JPRI

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Antimicrobial resistance is a subject of great concern in the public health. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens has increased during recent decades. Studying the incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial species isolated from fish and vended street fruits. Eleven fish swabs and thirteen sliced fruit samples were collected and prepared for isolation of bacterial species through inoculation onto selective and non-selective nutrient media. The grown colonies were purified through subculturing on nutrient agar plates then identified by morphological and biochemical methods. The obtained pure cultures were then kept on nutrient agar slants. Testing antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacterial strains was studied by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar using ten antibiotics belonging to different classes. The resultant inhibition zone was interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Twenty-eight bacterial cultures were isolated from the collected food samples. The conventional identification using morphological and biochemical methods of these cultures revealed presence of three Gram positive species; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus subtilis in addition to four Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Brucella sp., Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. The incidence of the obtained bacterial species was arranged as 29.16% for both S. aureus and E. faecalis followed by Brucella sp. 16.66%; B. subtilis & E. coli 12.5% then Streptococcus sp. and P. mirabilis with an incidence of 8.33% each. Testing antibiotic resistance pattern of seven bacterial species against ten antibiotics showed that, among three Gram positive bacterial species, only one (33.33%) strain S. aureus exhibited resistance to six antibiotics; amoxicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, fluconazole and dicloxacillin. Among four Gram negative bacterial strains only one (25.0%) strain Enterococcus faecalis exhibited resistance to eight antibiotics; amoxicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and cloxacillin. Occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in fish and vended street fruits poses not only risk of disease to the foods but public health hazard to food handlers and consumers in general. Also the result of this study recommended augmentin and cephazolin as good choice antibiotics for treatment of infection in the study area.

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Section: Isolation Of Bacterial Culturessupporting

confidence: 73%

Occurrence of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Some Selected Street Food Samples

Elsayed

2019

JPRI

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“…Among various Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to cause disease in Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis mossambicus 5 . To reduce high mortality rates in farmed fish, aquaculturists and researcher used chemical agents and antibiotics to promote growth or prevent S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infection 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa brown leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

2018

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various concentration of Terminalia catappa brown leaves extract which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The crushed-brown leaves of Terminalia catappa was extracted using 95% ethanol, filtered, and evaporated. The dried T. catappa extract was used to identify phytochemical content qualitatively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured quantitatively from dried extract. The dried extracts were also dissolved in sterile aquadest and serial dilutions were prepared to final concentration of 30, 60 and 90%. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of brown leaves of T. catappa. Inhibition zone diameter was measured to determine antibacterial activity. Gentamycin sulfate and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Dried ethanolic extract of brown T. catappa leaves contained flavonoid, quinon, phenolic, triterpenoid, and tannin. A total of 208.722 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract of total phenolic and 35.7671 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract of total flavonoid were also found in the dried extract. The inhibition zone diameters of ethanolic extracts ranged from 1.73 to 9.06 mm ( S. aureus) and from 1.83 to 6.5 mm ( P. aeruginosa). The higher concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameters for both bacteria. P. aeruginosa was more resistant to high concentrations of extract (90%) than S. aureus. Ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves of T. catappa had different antibacterial effects against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameter for both bacteria. P. aeruginosa was more resistant to high concentrations of ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves of T. catappa.

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“…Hence, the lower temperatures that prevails in Jos could have contributed to the lower prevalence of E. coli obtained in this study. On the other hand, lower prevalence of E. coli from other studies in relation to this study (20,21) could be because the fish samples were obtained from regulated markets and probably an indication of better management practices that prevail in the farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…However, a higher prevalence of 72.7 % from freshwater fish was observed in China (19). Nonetheless, Grema and colleagues in an analysis of bacterial flora of catfish obtained from different fish markets in Maiduguri, North-East Nigeria recorded a lower prevalence of 9% E. coli (20). In the West African country of Ghana, Takyi and colleagues documented a prevalence of 0% and 14.3% of E. coli in catfish obtained from two different fish farms (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of enteropathogenic and enteroinvasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> with multiple antibiotic resistance indices from African catfish (<i>Clarias glariepinus</i>) in Nigeria

Akande¹,

Onyedibe²

2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: There are increasing reports of food safety issues associated with intensive production of fish which increase the chances of disease outbreaks from stressful growth conditions accompanying mass production and presence of bacterial pathogens. Methodology: Two hundred gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples from two hundred African Cat Fish (Clarias glariepinus) were assessed for the presence of enteric Escherichia coli species including E. coli 0157, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) which are traditionally associated with infantile gastroenteritis. The antibiotic resistance profile and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) for these isolates were determined. The serogrouping of the E. coli isolates was done using E. coli agglutinating sera (Oxoid) and E. coli 0157 latex reagent (Oxoid). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: A total of 35 (17.5%) E. coli isolates were recovered from the fish intestines among which 9 (25.7%) were EPEC and 2 (5.7%) were EIEC. No E. coli 0157 strain was recovered. Thirty-three (94.0%) isolates had a MARI greater than 0.2. Antibiotic resistance to cefoxitin and amoxicillinclavulanic acid were 77.1% and 74.3% respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem and amikacin but all EPEC and EIEC isolates were AmpC (resistance to all penicillins, cephalosporins and beta lactamase inhibitors) positive. Conclusion: The isolation of EPEC and EIEC which can cause fatal gastroenteritis coupled with high MARI among isolates in this study represents a public health concern. Strict monitoring of administration of antibiotics in aquaculture is recommended.

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Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Fish and Fish Handlers in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Occurrence of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Some Selected Street Food Samples

Occurrence of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Some Selected Street Food Samples

Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa brown leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

First report of enteropathogenic and enteroinvasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> with multiple antibiotic resistance indices from African catfish (<i>Clarias glariepinus</i>) in Nigeria

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