“…Manifested reports from the earthquakes in the past 50 years demonstrated that the vulnerability of URM structures to seismic excitations is much more than other types of structural systems (McGuire and Leyendecker, 1974;NAHB Research Center, 1994;D'Ayala, 2013;NZSEE Part-C8, 2017;Fabbrocino et al, 2019 (NAHB Research Center, 1994;Anagnostopoulos et al, 2004;D'Ayala and Paganoni, 2011;Dizhur et al, 2011;NZSEE Part-C8, 2017). This is while the survived URM structures are severely damaged or exposed to failure (D'Ayala and Paganoni, 2011;Dizhur et al, 2011;Bostenaru-Dan et al, 2013;Papayianni, 2015;Cannizzaro et al, 2017). Many of these structures are monumental buildings that were of value and could be an attraction point for centuries.…”