Multi-dimensional population balance modelling of pharmaceutical formulations for continuous twin-screw wet granulation: Determination of liquid distribution

Ismail

Journal of Aerosol Science

et al. 2019

Self Cite

In this present work, a finite volume scheme for approximating a multidimensional nonlinear agglomeration population balance equation on a regular triangular grid is developed. The finite volume schemes developed in literature are restricted to a rectangular grid [43]. However, the accuracy and efficiency of finite volume scheme can be enhanced by considering triangular grids. The triangular grid is generated using the concept of 'Voronoi Partitioning' and 'Delaunay Triangulation'. To test the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme on a triangular grid, the numerical results are compared with the sectional method, namely Cell Average Technique [38] for various analytically tractable kernels. The results reveal that the finite volume scheme on a triangular grid is computationally less expensive and predicts the number density function along with the different order moments more accurately than the cell average technique. Furthermore, the numerical comparison is extended by comparing the finite volume scheme on a rectangular grid. It also demonstrates that the finite volume scheme with a regular triangular grid computes the numerical results more accurately and efficiently than the finite volume scheme with a rectangular grid.

“…A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT wet granulator, sprayed fluidized bed granulator and depolymerazation as is stipulated in [15,17,18,20,27,34,36].…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite volume approximation of nonlinear agglomeration population balance equation on triangular grid

Ismail

Journal of Aerosol Science

et al. 2019

Self Cite

“…Based on the European Public Assessment Reports (EPAR), Leane et al found that >70% of tablet formulations with a specified manufacturing pathway include a wet (55%) or dry (16%) granulation step [ 20 ]. Dry granulation techniques such as roller compaction are often preferred over wet granulation, as these eliminate an additional drying step and are more suitable for moisture-sensitive APIs [ 23 , 24 ]. Wet granulation techniques such as twin screw wet granulation are mainly implemented to obtain a more uniform distribution of the formulation ingredients and when compaction properties do not allow granulation through roller compaction [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Twin Screw Granulation: A Review of Recent Progress and Opportunities in Formulation and Equipment Design

Portier

Vervaet

2021

Pharmaceutics

Continuous twin screw wet granulation is one of the key continuous manufacturing technologies that have gained significant interest in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia over the last ten years. Given its considerable advantages compared to wet granulation techniques operated in batch mode such as high shear granulation and fluid bed granulation, several equipment manufacturers have designed their own manufacturing setup. This has led to a steep increase in the research output in this field. However, most studies still focused on a single (often placebo) formulation, hence making it difficult to assess the general validity of the obtained results. Therefore, current review provides an overview of recent progress in the field of continuous twin screw wet granulation, with special focus on the importance of the formulation aspect and raw material properties. It gives practical guidance for novel and more experienced users of this technique and highlights some of the unmet needs that require further research.

“…The main interest of this work is to approximate the number density function accurately. But for many real-life applications, specifically in chemical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences, the integral properties are of equal interest [33,34,37]. These integral properties are well known as moments calculated from the number density function by the following relation: (5) where…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite volume approach for fragmentation equation and its mathematical analysis

Walker

2021

Numer Algor

Self Cite

This work is focused on developing a finite volume scheme for approximating a fragmentation equation. The mathematical analysis is discussed in detail by examining thoroughly the consistency and convergence of the numerical scheme. The idea of the proposed scheme is based on conserving the total mass and preserving the total number of particles in the system. The proposed scheme is free from the trait that the particles are concentrated at the representative of the cells. The verification of the scheme is done against the analytical solutions for several combinations of standard fragmentation kernel and selection functions. The numerical testing shows that the proposed scheme is highly accurate in predicting the number distribution function and various moments. The scheme has the tendency to capture the higher order moments even though no measure has been taken for their accuracy. It is also shown that the scheme is second-order convergent on both uniform and nonuniform grids. Experimental order of convergence is used to validate the theoretical observations of convergence.