Multi-dimensional modelling of a magnetically stabilized gliding arc plasma in argon and CO<sub>2</sub>

Zhang, Hantian; Zhang, Hao; Trenchev, Georgi; Li, Xiaodong; Wu, Yi; Bogaerts, Annemie

doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ab7cbd

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Zhang et al applied two fully coupled flow-plasma models (in 3D and 2D) for a magnetically stabilized GA plasma [460]. The 3D model was developed for argon, and allowed to compare the arc dynamics with those of a traditional (gas-driven) GA reactor, while the 2D model (developed in CO 2 , with the same chemistry set as in [10]) provided more detailed information on how the external magnetic field can reduce the gas temperature by enhanced heat transfer, and how it can generate a velocity difference between the arc movement and the gas flow, to enhance the plasma-treated gas fraction, thus showing the potential of an external magnetic field to control the GA behavior.…”

Section: D/3d Fluid Models Necessity For Spatial Distribution Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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Numerous applications have required the study of CO2 plasmas since the 1960s, from CO2 lasers to spacecraft heat shields. However, in recent years, intense research activities on the subject have restarted because of environmental problems associated with CO2 emissions. The present review provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on the physical chemistry of cold CO2 plasmas. In particular, the different modeling approaches implemented to address specific aspects of CO2 plasmas are presented. Throughout the paper, the importance of conducting joint experimental, theoretical and modeling studies to elucidate the complex couplings at play in CO2 plasmas is emphasized. Therefore, the experimental data that are likely to bring relevant constraints to the different modeling approaches are first reviewed. Second, the calculation of some key elementary processes obtained with semi-empirical, classical and quantum methods is presented. In order to describe the electron kinetics, the latest coherent sets of cross section satisfying the constraints of "electron swarm" analyses are introduced, and the need for self-consistent calculations for determining accurate electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is evidenced. The main findings of the latest zero-dimensional (0D) global models about the complex chemistry of CO2 and its dissociation products in different plasma discharges are then given, and full state-to-state (STS) models of only the vibrational-dissociation kinetics developed for studies of spacecraft shields are described. Finally, two important points for all applications using CO2 containing plasma are discussed: the role of surfaces in contact with the plasma, and the need for 2D/3D models to capture the main features of complex reactor geometries including effects induced by fluid dynamics on the plasma properties. In addition to bringing together the latest advances in the description of CO2 non-equilibrium plasmas, the results presented here also highlight the fundamental data that are still missing and the possible routes that still need to be investigated.

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Section: D/3d Fluid Models Necessity For Spatial Distribution Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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“…Following equation (11), this means that −n • J diff = 0 and row shows the variables of interest for the particular equation. The next four rows show the conditions at each of the domain boundaries.…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of gas treatment, several different discharge configurations with a magnetic field exist. Notable developments are the above mentioned Birkeland-Eyde process and setups based on cylindrical geometry in which the electrodes are in coaxial configuration (concentric), the gas flow and the magnetic field are in axial direction (parallel to the electrodes) [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The arc is ignited between the concentric electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above mentioned setups impose the Lorentz force either in direction perpendicular to the gas flow [8][9][10][11], or downstream-along the gas velocity and as a result, they cause additional displacement of the arc. In this work, we study a configuration in which the Lorentz force and the gas flow drag are in opposite directions and the arc is stabilized at a position where both forces become equal in magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic field stabilization of low current DC arc discharge in cross flow in argon gas at atmospheric pressure—a numerical modelling study

Ivanov

Paunska

Tarnev

et al. 2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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In this work we study the effect of an external magnetic field and gas flow on the properties of a low current DC (gliding) arc discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure. We consider a cross flow configuration, in which argon gas flows perpendicularly to the arc current, while the external magnetic field is perpendicular to both the arc current and the gas flow. The study is based on a 2D numerical fluid plasma model of the discharge, coupled with a gas flow model based on the Navier-Stokes equations and a gas thermal balance equation. In the examined configuration, a stabilized arc is achieved by having the E × B drift acting in opposite direction to the gas flow, i.e. the Lorentz force pushing the arc against the gas flow. The numerical model was implemented into a finite element simulation, using the Comsol Multiphysics R (version 5.3) package. The results proved that a magnetically stabilized arc can be sustained and that the examined configuration can be used for effective gas treatment. The analysis of the simulation data helped to answer multiple questions, related to arc stability, the energy density distribution in the arc, and the macroscopic properties of the system as a whole. The results show a significant influence of the walls on the arc stabilization, while in the case of walls positioned very far from the arc, i.e. unbounded channel, the arc becomes a source of a fluid instability, causing vortex shedding. In general, this study provides insight on the interaction between the gas flow and the arc in a strong magnetic field. The model presented here has the potential to further the understanding of magnetically stabilized discharges and to become a basis for developing similar studies of more complex gases.

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“…arc discharges) plasmas have been based on two-dimensional models [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Recent computational studies [14,21,22] have shown the advantages of the use of three-dimensional (3D) models for the analysis of plasma flows. 3D models generally rely on fewer geometric simplifications of experimental set-ups and can describe with greater fidelity spatial distribution of plasma properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional modelling of a self-sustained atmospheric pressure glow discharge

Boutrouche¹,

Trelles²

2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (APGD) is a relatively simple and versatile plasma source used in diverse applications. Stable APGD operation at high currents, generally a challenge due to instabilities leading to glow-to-arc transition, has been demonstrated using actively-controlled cathodic cooling. This article presents the computational modelling and simulation of a self-sustained direct-current APGD in helium within a 10 mm pin-to-plate inter-electrode gap for currents ranging from 4 to 40 mA. The APGD model is comprised of the conservation equations for total mass, chemical species, momentum, thermal energy of heavy-species and of free electrons, and electric charge. The model equations are discretized using a nonlinear Variational Multi-Scale Finite Element Method that has demonstrated superior accuracy in other plasma flow problems, on a temporal and three-dimensional computational domain suitable to unveil the potential occurrence of instabilities. Modelling results show good agreement with experimental measurements of voltage drop and the same trend but higher values of temperature. The higher temperatures obtained by the simulations appear to be due to the absence of a near-cathode heat dissipation model. The results also reveal that the distribution of electron density and of the ratio of atomic helium ions to total ions transitions from monotonically increasing away from the cathode to presenting a minimum near the centre of the gap with increasing current.

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Multi-dimensional modelling of a magnetically stabilized gliding arc plasma in argon and CO₂

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Magnetic field stabilization of low current DC arc discharge in cross flow in argon gas at atmospheric pressure—a numerical modelling study

Three-dimensional modelling of a self-sustained atmospheric pressure glow discharge

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Multi-dimensional modelling of a magnetically stabilized gliding arc plasma in argon and CO2

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Magnetic field stabilization of low current DC arc discharge in cross flow in argon gas at atmospheric pressure—a numerical modelling study

Three-dimensional modelling of a self-sustained atmospheric pressure glow discharge

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Multi-dimensional modelling of a magnetically stabilized gliding arc plasma in argon and CO₂