Multi‐Dimensional Bionic Micro‐Nanostructure Surface for Controllable Fog Harvesting: from Fabrication to Application

Abstract

With the rapid growth of the population and the development of the economy, the shortage of freshwater resources has become a worldwide problem. Utilizing fog harvesting provides a practical solution to relieve the water shortage problem for residents in arid regions. This review summarizes the typical fog harvesting phenomena in nature in detail, the construction methods, fog harvesting performance, and the action mechanism of different biomimetic micro‐nano structures from one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) perspectives. The influence of surface micro‐nano structure and wettability on water harvesting performance is analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of multi‐scale micro‐nano surface controllable water harvesting technology are summarized and prospected, which provides a good idea for the design of bioinspired micro‐nanomaterials and promotes water harvesting from scientific research to practical application.