Multi-criteria (thermodynamic, economic and environmental) analysis of possible design options for residential heating split systems working with low GWP refrigerants

Botticella, Francesco; Rossi, Filippo de; Mauro, A.W.; Vanoli, Giuseppe Peter; Viscito, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.10.030

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Specifically, an exponential expression [43] as a function of the sole nominal power was chosen for the pump price. The investment costs of the plate heat exchangers (high pressure evaporator and regenerative heat exchanger) and of the fin and tube condenser were obtained as a linear function of the total heat transfer surface, as suggested by [43,44]. The shell and tube low-pressure evaporator cost was taken from the work of Wildi-Tremblay and Grosselin [45], related to the total heat transfer surface with a power function.…”

Section: Cost Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(16) Finally, Equation 17provides the specific cost savings with respect to a simple configuration in which the WHRHEC is not considered and only the VCC plant fulfills the cooling load requirements (XWHR = 0): Figure 10a shows the cost savings Δtc as a function of the total lifetime of the combined system for different values of the parameter XWHR. The fraction of the waste heat availability is fixed at 80%, whereas the Italian cost of the electric energy [44] and a SCOP value of 2.5 are considered. It is worth noting that the size of the WHR plant does not influence the even point (zero-saving), approximately reached after almost 2 years (by considering 4000 h of operation per year) within these hypotheses.…”

Section: Total Costs Analysis For Vcc Integrated Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Ejector Refrigerating System Based on a Low Grade Heat Source

et al. 2020

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The rising of the global energy demand requires the use of alternative energy conversion systems employing renewable sources. In the refrigeration and air conditioning fields, heat driven ejector systems represent a promising way to produce the cooling effect by using available low-grade temperature sources. In this paper, a thermo-economic analysis of a waste heat recovery hybrid ejector cycle (WHRHEC) was carried out. A thermodynamic model was firstly developed to simulate a WHRHEC able to obtain chilled water with a cooling load of 20 kW, by varying the working fluids and the pinch point values in the heat exchangers. Specific single- and two-phase heat transfer correlations were used to estimate the heat transfer surface and therefore the investment costs. The operative ranges that provide a reasonable compromise between the set-up costs and the cycle performances were then defined and compared to the current waste heat-driven technologies, such as absorption chillers and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) coupled with vapor compression cycles (VCCs). The last part of the paper presents an economic analysis providing the map of the design (plant size) and contingent (specific cost of energy, waste heat availability) variables that lead to the economic convenience of a WHRHEC system when integrated to a conventional VCC plant.

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Section: Cost Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Costs Analysis For Vcc Integrated Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Ejector Refrigerating System Based on a Low Grade Heat Source

et al. 2020

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“…According to the type of application, different working fluids can be used in refrigeration cycles and the selection of the most suitable depends on practical and commercial purposes. Within the heat pumps and chillers sector, HFCs that are being replaced are basically R134a and R410A [8,9]. With a GWP respectively of 1043 and 2088, they are the most common high GWP refrigerants used at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A in Ground Source Heat Pumps

et al. 2019

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In the European Union (EU), buildings are responsible for about 40% of the total final energy consumption, and 36% of the European global CO2 emissions. The European Commission released directives to push for the enhancement of the buildings energy performance and identified, beside the retrofit of the current building stock, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems as the other main way to increase renewable energy sharing and overall building energy efficiency. For this purpose, Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) represent one of the most interesting technologies to provide energy for heating, cooling, and domestic water production in residential applications, ensuring a significant reduction (e.g., up to 44% compared with air-source heat pumps) of energy consumption and the corresponding emissions. At present, GSHPs mainly employ the refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, which has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 2087. However, following the EU Regulation No. 517/2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases, this high GWP refrigerant will have to be substituted for residential applications in the next years. Thus, to increase the sustainability of GSHPs, it is necessary to identify short time alternative fluids with lower GWP, before finding medium-long term solutions characterized by very low GWP. This is one of the tasks of the UE project "Most Easy, Efficient, and Low-Cost Geothermal Systems for Retrofitting Civil and Historical Buildings" (acronym GEO4CIVHIC). Here, a thorough thermodynamic analysis, based on both energy and exergy analysis, will be presented to perform a comparison between different fluids as substitutes for R410A, considered as the benchmark for GSHP applications. These fluids have been selected considering their lower flammability with respect to hydrocarbons (mainly R290), that is one of the main concerns for the companies. A parametric analysis has been performed, for a reversible GSHP cycle, at various heat source and sink conditions, with the aim to identify the fluid giving the best energetic performance and to evaluate the distribution of the irreversibilities along the cycle. Considering all these factors, R454B turned out to be the most suitable fluid to use in a ground source heat pump, working at given conditions. Special attention has been paid to the compression phase and the heat transfer in evaporator and condenser.

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“…In this dynamic context, the correct design of heat exchangers (i.e., evaporators) is the key factor for fair estimation and optimization of system performance [4]. This requires dedicated, reliable experiments to obtain more, new high-quality two-phase heat transfer data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Heat Transfer Coefficient during Flow Boiling: Comparison between 2-D and 1-D Data Reduction and Discussion about Their Applicability

Mastrullo

Mauro

2019

Energies

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This paper presents a critical analysis of possible data reduction procedures for the evaluation of local heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling experiments. The benchmark method using one-dimensional (1-D) heat transfer in a heated tube was compared to a new data reduction method in which both radial and circumferential contributions to the conductive heat transfer inside a metal tube are considered. Using published experimental flow boiling data, the circumferential profiles of the wall superheat, inner wall heat flux, and heat transfer coefficients were independently calculated with the two data reduction procedures. The differences between the two methods were then examined according to the different heat transfer behavior observed (symmetric or asymmetric), which in turn was related to the two-phase flow regimes occurring in a channel during evaporation. A statistical analysis using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) index was then performed for a database of 417 collected flow boiling data taken under different operating conditions in terms of working fluid, saturation temperature, mass velocity, vapor quality, and imposed heat flux. Results showed that the maximum deviations between the two methods could reach up to 130% in the case of asymmetric heat transfer. Finally, the possible uses of the two data reduction methods are discussed, pointing out that the two-dimensional (2-D) model is the most reliable method to be employed in the case of high-level modeling of two-phase flow or advanced design of heat exchangers and heat spreader systems.

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Multi-criteria (thermodynamic, economic and environmental) analysis of possible design options for residential heating split systems working with low GWP refrigerants

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Ejector Refrigerating System Based on a Low Grade Heat Source

Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Ejector Refrigerating System Based on a Low Grade Heat Source

Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A in Ground Source Heat Pumps

Peripheral Heat Transfer Coefficient during Flow Boiling: Comparison between 2-D and 1-D Data Reduction and Discussion about Their Applicability

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