Multi-criteria assessment of the appropriateness of a cooking technology: A case study of the Logone Valley

Emerging technologies for biofuel production: A critical review on recent progress, challenges and perspectives

“…Low bulk density (BD) of biomass is an important aspect limiting biomass use for bioenergy generation efficiently and cost-effectively (Rentizelas et al, 2009;Lei et al, 2013;Thurber et al, 2014;Vaccari et al, 2017). In this situation, briquetting technology, which mechanically converts or densifies biomass into solid biofuel, could be useful (Lei et al, 2013).…”

Is clean cooking affordable? A review

“…Case studies in Ethiopia, India, and China have considered the per capita expenditure on each cooking fuel type as a metric for affordability [81,89,90]. Some studies consider fuel expenditure per day [91,92], fuel cost per month [93,94] or total costs per year [32,95] (which may include investment, fuel cost, useful life of system, efficiency, and total fuel purchased) [71,96]. In LPG studies from South Africa, Brazil, and Kenya, a clean fuel study from Ghana and Uganda, and India's CEEW report, fuel efficiency was taken into account to produce cost per fuel unit rather than cost per fuel weight [50,86,[97][98][99].…”

Comprehensive Study on Ethiopia Renewable Energy Technology Development and Barriers to Meet Rural Energy Needs

“…In Ethiopia, 90 percent of the population relies on traditional biomass fuel for cooking, with 50 to 75 percent of energy used to bake Injera -traditional cake-like bread baked in a pan [37,38]. In most Ethiopian households, this Injera baking system is carried out using biomass fuel and an open fire system (Vaccari et al, 2017). Furthermore, such baking systems have drawbacks such as indoor air pollution, low efficiency, gender inequality, and high fuel consumption (Hassen et al, 2016).…”