“…In contrast, internal pressurization of a defect, by injection of an incompressible fluid [33,34,35], by phase separation [36,37], or by the growth of an embedded inclusion [38,39], can allow for complete control over the expansion process, and is a promising avenue for measuring material properties and understanding the initiation of damage and fracture [40,41,42,43,44]. In these settings however, the defect can have intricate shapes [27,45,46] and it is not obvious how the deformation field generated via internal pressurization translates to explain failure of the bulk material, as induced by application of external loads.…”
Section: The Theorem and Its Applicationsmentioning
The reciprocal theorems of Maxwell and Betti are foundational in mechanics but have so far been restricted to infinitesimal deformations in elastic bodies. In this manuscript, we present a reciprocal theorem that relates solutions of a specific class of large deformation boundary value problems for incompressible bodies; these solutions are shown to identically satisfy the Maxwell-Betti theorem. The theorem has several potential applications such as development of alternative convenient experimental setups for the study of material failure through bulk and interfacial cavitation, and leveraging easier numerical implementation of equivalent auxiliary boundary value problems. The following salient features of the theorem are noted: (i) it applies to dynamics in addition to statics, (ii) it allows for large deformations, (iii) generic body shapes with several potential holes, and (iv) any general type of boundary conditions.
“…In contrast, internal pressurization of a defect, by injection of an incompressible fluid [33,34,35], by phase separation [36,37], or by the growth of an embedded inclusion [38,39], can allow for complete control over the expansion process, and is a promising avenue for measuring material properties and understanding the initiation of damage and fracture [40,41,42,43,44]. In these settings however, the defect can have intricate shapes [27,45,46] and it is not obvious how the deformation field generated via internal pressurization translates to explain failure of the bulk material, as induced by application of external loads.…”
Section: The Theorem and Its Applicationsmentioning
The reciprocal theorems of Maxwell and Betti are foundational in mechanics but have so far been restricted to infinitesimal deformations in elastic bodies. In this manuscript, we present a reciprocal theorem that relates solutions of a specific class of large deformation boundary value problems for incompressible bodies; these solutions are shown to identically satisfy the Maxwell-Betti theorem. The theorem has several potential applications such as development of alternative convenient experimental setups for the study of material failure through bulk and interfacial cavitation, and leveraging easier numerical implementation of equivalent auxiliary boundary value problems. The following salient features of the theorem are noted: (i) it applies to dynamics in addition to statics, (ii) it allows for large deformations, (iii) generic body shapes with several potential holes, and (iv) any general type of boundary conditions.
“…The technique has been successfully applied to characterize elastic modulus and surface energy of soft matter including gels 31,32 , biological tissues 33 , and individual cell spheroids 34 . Extensions of the the pressure-induced cavitation rheology have been developed in recent years to investigate dynamic fracture 35,36 and viscoelasticity at moderate strain rates up to 1 s −1 37 . However, the applicability of these techniques to characterize material viscoelasticity at a higher range of strain rates is limited by the increased contribution from inertia and cavity asymmetry not captured by the governing theories.…”
An understanding of inertial cavitation is crucial for biological and engineering applications such as non-invasive tissue surgeries and the mitigation of potential blast injuries. However, predictive modeling of inertial cavitation in biological tissues is hindered by the difficulties of characterizing fluids and soft materials at high strain rates, and the computational cost of calibrating biologically-relevant viscoelastic models. By incorporating a reduced-order model of inertial cavitation in the inertial microcavitation rheometry (IMR) experimental technique, we present an efficient procedure to inversely characterize viscoelastic material subjected to inertial cavitation. Instead of brute-force iteration of constitutive model parameters, the present approach directly estimates the elastic and viscous moduli according to the sizedependent scaling of bubble dynamics. Through reproduction of numerical-simulated inertial cavitation kinematics and experimental characterization of benchmark materials, we demonstrate that the proposed framework can determine the complex rate-dependent properties of soft solid with a small number of numerical simulations. The availability of this procedure will broaden the applicability of IMR for localized characterization of fluids and soft biological materials at high strain rates.
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