“…Three improved versions of BFO, namely the cooperative bacterial foraging optimizer (CBFO), adaptive bacterial optimization, and multicolony bacterial foraging optimization (MCBFO), have been described in our previous works [29,30,34]. In [29], instead of simply considering chemotaxis behavior of single bacterium, MCBFO also introduced the communication strategies employs by natural multi-colony bacterial community in order to coordinate pattern emerges, which is lacking from the mentioned chemotaxis inspired algorithms.…”