Multi-city comparative PM2.5 source apportionment for fifteen sites in Europe: The ICARUS project

Saraga, Dikaia; Maggos, Thomas; Degrendele, Céline; Klánová, Jana; Horvat, Milena; Kocman, David; Kanduč, Tjaša; Santos, S. García Dos; Franco, Rosy; Gomez, P. Morillo; Manousakas, M.; Bairachtari, Kyriaki A.; Eleftheriadis, K.; Kermenidou, M; Karakitsios, Spyros; Gotti, Alberto; Sarigiannis, D

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141855

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Combining elemental and ionic composition (airborne concentrations are reported in Table S2 and Table S4), OC and BC content, PMF analysis was further performed and confirmed traffic as the main PM pollution source in Ljubljana, Slovenia, contributing with 30 % to the investigated PM2.5 mass. Similar has been observed by Saraga et al (2021). The other factors, which together with traffic accounted for roughly 96 % of the analysed PM, are: secondary inorganic aerosols (nitrate (15 %) and sulphate (18 %)), biomass burning (14 %), mineral dust (12 %), and marine- Nitrate (factor 1) and sulphate (factor 4), as indicators of inorganic secondary atmospheric aerosols that may have travelled long distances, are characteristic of different seasons, i.e.…”

Section: Characterization and Source Apportionment Of Atmospheric Aer...supporting

confidence: 90%

Characterization of fresh PM deposits on calcareous stone surfaces: Seasonality, source apportionment and soiling potential

Ogrizek

Gregorič

Ivančič

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Characterization and Source Apportionment Of Atmospheric Aer...supporting

confidence: 90%

Characterization of fresh PM deposits on calcareous stone surfaces: Seasonality, source apportionment and soiling potential

Ogrizek

Gregorič

Ivančič

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In this study, 24-h air samples of fine particles (i.e. <2.5 μm, PM 2.5 sampling head) were collected within the ICARUS air sampling campaign ( Saraga et al, 2021 ) in winter and summer 2017 at a traffic (T), and an urban background (UB) sites in Brno (N = 60 for both T and UB) and Ljubljana (N = 56 and 60 for T and UB), as well as at a rural (R) site in the Czech Republic (N = 16, Table S1 in the Supplementary information). Both traffic sites were located close to the city center, few meters away in Brno and about 100 m away in Ljubljana from a busy road with frequent congestion ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the targeted analytes, PAHs, PM 2.5 , toxic metals (e.g. Cu, Zn), elemental (black) and organic carbon, anions and cations were also determined in these samples (see Saraga et al, 2021 , for more details). Moreover, the concentrations of additional air pollutants (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere of two central European cities: Seasonality, urban-to-background gradients, cancer risks and gas-to-particle partitioning

Degrendele

Kanduč

Kocman

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as nitrated- and oxygenated-PAHs (NPAHs and OPAHs) could be even more toxic and harmful for the environment and humans than PAHs. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variations of NPAHs and OPAHs atmospheric levels, their cancer risks and their gas-to-particle partitioning. To this end, about 250 samples of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and 50 gaseous samples were collected in 2017 in central Europe in the cities of Brno and Ljubljana (two traffic and two urban background sites) as well as one rural site. The average particulate concentrations were ranging from below limit of quantification to 593 pg m −3 for Σ 9 NPAHs and from 1.64 to 4330 pg m −3 for Σ 11 OPAHs, with significantly higher concentrations in winter compared to summer. In winter, the particulate levels of NPAHs and OPAHs were higher at the traffic site compared to the urban background site in Brno while the opposite was found in Ljubljana. NPAHs and OPAHs particulate levels were influenced by the meteorological parameters and co-varied with several air pollutants. The significance of secondary formation on the occurrence of some NPAHs and OPAHs is indicated. In winter, 27–47% of samples collected at all sites were above the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk. The gas-particle partitioning of NPAHs and OPAHs was influenced by their physico-chemical properties, the season and the site-specific aerosol composition. Three NPAHs and five OPAHs had higher particulate mass fractions at the traffic site, suggesting they could be primarily emitted as particles from vehicle traffic and subsequently partitioning to the gas phase along air transport. This study underlines the importance of inclusion of the gas phase in addition to the particulate phase when assessing the atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic compounds and also when assessing the related health risk.

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“…Two seasons of synchronous sampling across 15 sites in Europe (ICARUS EU2020 project) [77] indicated the contributions to PM 2.5 concentration as follows: high traffic sites had the highest contribution of traffic exhausts (23.3%), urban background sites had highest traffic non-exhaust (13.5%) and biomass burning (30%), and rural sites had the highest contribution of oil combustion (18.7%) and soil dust (16%). Overall, the study results showed that, while fuel oil combustion, traffic non-exhausts, and soil dust profiles are varied between sites, biomass burning, sea salt, and traffic exhaust were characterized as relatively homogenous among the sites.…”

Section: Waste Incinerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

2021

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In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in the health-related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We especially focus on individual properties and concentrations of metals commonly found in PM air pollution, as well as their sources and their adverse health effects, based on both epidemiologic and toxicological evidence. It is known that transition metals, such as Ni, V, Fe, and Cu, are highly capable of participating in redox reactions that produce oxidative stress. Therefore, particles that are enriched, per unit mass, in these metals, such as those from fossil fuel combustion, can have greater potential to produce health effects than other ambient particulate matter. Moreover, fossil fuel combustion particles also contain varying amounts of sulfur, and the acidic nature of the resulting sulfur compounds in particulate matter (e.g., as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sulfuric acid) makes transition metals in particles more bioavailable, greatly enhancing the potential of fossil fuel combustion PM2.5 to cause oxidative stress and systemic health effects in the human body. In general, there is a need to further recognize particulate matter air pollution mass as a complex source-driven mixture, in order to more effectively quantify and regulate particle air pollution exposure health risks.

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Multi-city comparative PM2.5 source apportionment for fifteen sites in Europe: The ICARUS project

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Characterization of fresh PM deposits on calcareous stone surfaces: Seasonality, source apportionment and soiling potential

Characterization of fresh PM deposits on calcareous stone surfaces: Seasonality, source apportionment and soiling potential

NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere of two central European cities: Seasonality, urban-to-background gradients, cancer risks and gas-to-particle partitioning

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

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