Multi-Body Dynamics Modeling and Straight-Line Travel Simulation of a Four-Tracked Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle on Flat Ground

Abstract

Deep-sea mining vehicles (DSMVs) are highly prone to sinking and slippage when traveling on extremely soft seafloor sediments. In addition, DSMVs can be vulnerable to dangerous situations such as overturning due to the non-homogeneous characteristic of the seafloor sediments, the heavy loads carried by DSMVs, and the complex and varied topography of the seafloor. When the terrain is uneven, four-tracked DSMVs can show excellent traveling abilities and safety performances compared with conventional dual-tracked vehicles, thus having a broad range of applications. Consequently, modeling and simulation of a four-tracked DSMV are essential for the study of DSMV traveling performance. To enhance adaptability to uneven terrain, the tracks are designed to be rotatable. First, a multi-body dynamics model is built in the Recurdyn software based on the actual structural properties of a specially designed four-tracked DSMV prototype. Then, the model’s forces are modified to reflect the actual circumstances of seafloor travel. Applying a more accurate shear model, a user subroutine is written to modify the track–soil force. Moreover, internal resistance and water resistance are considered and applied to the model in the form of external loads. Then, based on the multi-pass effect, the track–soil force to the rear track is modified. Moreover, considering the relationship between soil forces and velocity, a velocity coefficient is summarized and added to the resistance estimation equation. Consequently, a more realistic dynamic model of the mining vehicle has been developed. On this basis, simulations of straight-line travel on flat ground are performed. In addition, to investigate the effects of rotatable tracks, a straight-line travel simulation with tracks fixed is also performed. By analyzing the simulation results, the motion features and dynamic characteristics of a four-tracked DSMV with rotatable tracks when traveling in a straight line on flat ground can be studied.

The Wide-Area Coverage Path Planning Strategy for Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle Cluster Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

“…The main components of a deep-sea mining system include seabed mining vehicles [18][19][20], transportation hoses, relay stations, lifting hard pipes [21], and surface mining vessels [22][23][24]. The complete system structure is shown in Figure 1.…”

An Anchoring Capacity Study Focused on a Wheel’s Curvature Geometry for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with a Traveling Function during Contact with Loose Ground Containing Water

“…In contrast, a grounding-type underwater robot moves over the seafloor. Examples of the grounding type are crawled, legged, and wheeled robots [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. This type is easily affected by terrain when in contact with the seafloor.…”