“…ere are various important factors to consider when selecting suppliers, including price discounts, delivery time, service level, a quantity discount, transportation cost, carbon emission tax, currency exchange rate, supplier capacity, and lead time [26,27]. Rao and Zhang [28] summarized the supplier selection problems and proposed that the most important criteria are quality, price, cost, and delivery performance. Kannan et al [29] applied fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS to select the best suppliers.…”