Multi-anode detection in electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Barbacci, Damon C.; Russell, David H.; Schultz, J.; Holocek, J.; Ulrich, S.; Burton, William D.; Stipdonk, Michael Van

doi:10.1016/s1044-0305(98)00113-5

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a practical spectrometer it is highly desirable to record at large counting rates, which are however limited by the pulsed extraction frequency. The use of a multipixel channel plate detector in this case would be very advantageous, as it increases the overall detection efficiency and still allows quantitative measurements 26, 27…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Au_n cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

Новиков

Caroff

Della‐Negra

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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A Au-Si liquid metal ion source which produces Au(n) clusters over a large range of sizes was used to study the dependence of both the molecular ion desorption yield and the damage cross-section on the size (n = 1 to 400) and on the kinetic energy (E = 10 to 500 keV) of the clusters used to bombard bioorganic surfaces. Three pure peptides with molecular masses between 750 and 1200 Da were used without matrix. [M+H](+) and [M+cation](+) ion emission yields were enhanced by as much as three orders of magnitude when bombarding with Au(400) (4+) instead of monatomic Au(+), yet very little damage was induced in the samples. A 100-fold increase in the molecular ion yield was observed when the incident energy of Au(9) (+) was varied from 10 to 180 keV. Values of emission yields and damage cross-sections are presented as a function of cluster size and energy. The possibility to adjust both cluster size and energy, depending on the application, makes the analysis of biomolecules by secondary ion mass spectrometry an extremely powerful and flexible technique, particularly when combined with orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry that then allows fast measurements using small primary ion beam currents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Au_n cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

Новиков

Caroff

Della‐Negra

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…The dead time is the primary cause of detector saturation for TDC-based mass spectrometers and many methods of reducing its effects and thereby improving the dynamic range have been explored. These include statistical corrections [13, 14, 25], attenuating the beam of incoming ions [6], and using detection systems with multiple anodes and multi-channel TDCs, which allow for the independent recording of distinct ion arrivals [27, 28]. …”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for a Statistical Theory of LC/TOFMS Data

Ipsen

Ebbels

2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The critical importance of employing sound statistical arguments when seeking to draw inferences from inexact measurements is well-established throughout the sciences. Yet fundamental statistical methods such as hypothesis testing can currently be applied to only a small subset of the data analytical problems encountered in LC/MS experiments. The means of inference that are more generally employed are based on a variety of heuristic techniques and a largely qualitative understanding of their behavior. In this article, we attempt to move towards a more formalized approach to the analysis of LC/TOFMS data by establishing some of the core concepts required for a detailed mathematical description of the data. Using arguments that are based on the fundamental workings of the instrument, we derive and validate a probability distribution that approximates that of the empirically obtained data and on the basis of which formal statistical tests can be constructed. Unlike many existing statistical models for MS data, the one presented here aims for rigor rather than generality. Consequently, the model is closely tailored to a particular type of TOF mass spectrometer although the general approach carries over to other instrument designs. Looking ahead, we argue that further improvements in our ability to characterize the data mathematically could enable us to address a wide range of data analytical problems in a statistically rigorous manner.

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“…Even for peaks of 10 7 ions (100 times larger than the one shown on Figure 2), an excellent fit is obtained, amounting to an enhancement in effective dynamic range of over four orders of magnitude. Such improvements may be compared with those achieved via (potentially costly) engineering solutions, which in [9] enhance the detection efficiency by a factor of around 2.5 and in [10] increase the dynamic range by about one order of magnitude. We therefore believe that a strong case can be made for devoting further efforts to addressing the problem of TDC saturation via statistical corrections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orders of Magnitude Extension of the Effective Dynamic Range of TDC-Based TOFMS Data Through Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Ipsen

Ebbels

2014

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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In a recent article, we derived a probability distribution that was shown to closely approximate that of the data produced by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) instruments employing time-to-digital converters (TDCs) as part of their detection system. The approach of formulating detailed and highly accurate mathematical models of LC/MS data via probability distributions that are parameterized by quantities of analytical interest does not appear to have been fully explored before. However, we believe it could lead to a statistically rigorous framework for addressing many of the data analytical problems that arise in LC/MS studies. In this article, we present new procedures for correcting for TDC saturation using such an approach and demonstrate that there is potential for significant improvements in the effective dynamic range of TDC-based mass spectrometers, which could make them much more competitive with the alternative analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The degree of improvement depends on our ability to generate mass and chromatographic peaks that conform to known mathematical functions and our ability to accurately describe the state of the detector dead time—tasks that may be best addressed through engineering efforts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13361-014-0961-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Multi-anode detection in electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

The Au_n cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

The Au_n cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

Prospects for a Statistical Theory of LC/TOFMS Data

Orders of Magnitude Extension of the Effective Dynamic Range of TDC-Based TOFMS Data Through Maximum Likelihood Estimation

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Multi-anode detection in electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

The Aun cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

The Aun cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

Prospects for a Statistical Theory of LC/TOFMS Data

Orders of Magnitude Extension of the Effective Dynamic Range of TDC-Based TOFMS Data Through Maximum Likelihood Estimation

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Product

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The Au_n cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids

The Au_n cluster probe in secondary ion mass spectrometry: influence of the projectile size and energy on the desorption/ionization rate from biomolecular solids