Multi-angular Flame Measurements and Analysis in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Fiber-Based Endoscopes

Abstract

This paper reports new measurements and analysis made in the Research Cell 19 supersonic wind-tunnel facility housed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The measurements include planar chemiluminescence from multiple angular positions obtained using fiber-based endoscopes (FBEs) and the accompanying velocity fields obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The measurements capture the flame dynamics from different angles (e.g., the top and both sides) simultaneously. The analysis of such data by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) will also be reported. Nonintrusive and full-field imaging measurements provide a wealth of information for model validation and design optimization of propulsion systems. However, it is challenging to obtain such measurements due to various implementation difficulties such as optical access, thermal management, and equipment cost. This work therefore explores the application of the FBEs for nonintrusive imaging measurements in the supersonic propulsion systems. The FBEs used in this work are demonstrated to overcome many of the practical difficulties and significantly facilitate the measurements. The FBEs are bendable and have relatively small footprints (compared to high-speed cameras), which facilitates line-of-sight optical access. Also, the FBEs can tolerate higher temperatures than high-speed cameras, ameliorating the thermal management issues. Finally, the FBEs, after customization, can enable the capture of multiple images (e.g., images of the flow fields at multi-angles) onto the same camera chip, greatly reducing the equipment cost of the measurements. The multi-angle data sets, enabled by the FBEs as discussed above, were analyzed by POD to extract the dominating flame modes when examined from various angular positions. Similar analysis was performed on the accompanying PIV data to examine the corresponding modes of the flow fields. The POD analysis provides a quantitative measure of the dominating spatial modes of the flame and flow structures, and is an effective mathematical tool to extract key physics from large data sets as the high-speed measurements collected in this study. However, the past POD analysis has been limited to data obtained from one orientation only. The availability of data at multiple angles in this study is expected to provide further insights into the flame and flow structures in high-speed propulsion systems.

Experimental study on spray characteristics of RP-3 kerosene under the near critical condition with different injection conditions

“…The measured parameters of the macroscopic characteristics of the spray are consistent with the actual height (the definition of the jet expansion angle and jet width in this paper is the same as that in the study by Xia et al [5]). To obtain the frequency of the self-excited oscillations of the jet, the principal orthogonal decomposition (POD) method [8,9] was used to process the jet ripple image, and its main frequency of oscillation was selected for analysis.…”

3D flame topography obtained by tomographic chemiluminescence with direct comparison to planar Mie scattering measurements

“…Using the measured projections as inputs, a tomographic inversion is then performed to obtain the 3D flame structure. Past efforts have demonstrated the ability of the technique to obtain instantaneous 3D flame measurements with temporal resolution above multi-kHz (20 kHz measurements have been demonstrated recently with intensified cameras [16]), spatial resolution below millimeters, in a volume with dimensions on the order of decimeters. These past results illustrate the advantages and capabilities of the TC technique and motivate further research [14].…”