Multi-angled simultaneous biplane High-Speed Angiography (HSA) of patient-specific 3D-printed aneurysm phantoms using 1000 fps CdTe Photon-Counting Detectors (PCD’s )

Abstract

1000 fps HSA enables visualization of flow details, which may be important in accurately guiding interventional procedures; however, single-plane imaging may lack clear visualization of vessel geometry and flow detail. The previously presented high-speed orthogonal biplane imaging may overcome these limitations but may still result in foreshortening of vessel morphology. In certain morphologies, acquiring two non-orthogonal biplane projections at multiple angles can provide better flow detail rather than a standard orthogonal biplane acquisition. Flow studies of aneurysm models were performed, where simultaneous biplane acquisitions at various angles separating the two detector views allowed for better evaluation of morphology and flow. 3D-printed, patient-specific internal carotid artery aneurysm models were imaged with various non-orthogonal angles between the two high-speed photon-counting detectors (7.5 cm x 5 cm FOV) to provide frame-correlated simultaneous 1000-fps image sequences. Fluid dynamics were visualized in multi-angled planes of each model using automated injections of iodine contrast media. The resulting dual simultaneous frame-correlated 1000-fps acquisitions from multiple planes of each aneurysm model provided improved visualization of complex aneurysm geometries and flow streamlines. Multi-angled biplane acquisitions with frame correlation allows for further understanding of aneurysm morphology and flow details: additionally, the ability to recover fluid dynamics at depth enables accurate analysis of 3D flow streamlines, and it is expected that multiple-planar views will enable better volumetric flow visualization and quantification. Such better visualization has the potential to improve interventional procedures.

Spatiotemporal frequency domain analysis for blood velocity measurement during embolization procedures

“…For example, assuming a velocity of 50 cm/s, the transit time of contrast through the segment is 0.9 ⋅ 33 ms for a 1.5-cm segment and 1.2 ⋅ 33 ms for a 2-cm segment. Thus, a combination of STF with higher frame rate imaging techniques (e.g., as proposed by Vanderbilt et al 27 ) could further reduce the required segment length.…”

“…9,23,24 Using even higher frame rates (up to 1000 frames per second) enables the use of optical flow tracking techniques as well as particle image velocimetry to determine complex flow patterns, for example, within aneurysms and could offer advantages in the evaluation of vessel segment blood velocity as well. [25][26][27] High frame rate qDSA should be paired with methods to manage dose, and to this end, image analysis techniques, which perform well at low dose per frame, are desirable.…”

Motion-compensation approach for quantitative digital subtraction angiography and its effect on in-vivo blood velocity measurement

“…3 and 4. In practice, this effect may be compensated by a corresponding increase in the frame rate (e.g., as proposed by Vanderbilt et al 50 ).…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In addition, deep learning-based vessel segmentation for coronary arteries has been investigated. 50 However, further investigation is required to determine if the approach can accurately determine blood velocity in coronary arteries. Imaging at higher frame rates could potentially help compensate for the increased motion.…”

Evaluation of aneurysm flow diverter (stent) treatment using multi-angled 1000 fps high-speed angiography (HSA) and optical flow (OF)

“…Due to the aneurysm morphology, the hemodynamic information within the aneurysm is complex and the analysis of its image sequences benefits from multi-angled projection views. 4 A Pipeline™ Flex Embolization Device was deployed for the treatment of the cerebral aneurysm model. A balloon catheter was used to adjust the positioning and to enlarge the narrowing of the initial placement of the device.…”