Multi-Analytical Techniques for the Archaeometry Study of the Stained Glass Window From the Royal Palace at Edfena, Egypt

Abstract

This work aims to study the case of the stained glass window at the Royal Palace in Edfena, Egypt. The research also aims to identify the chemical composition and diagnose the manifestations of damage on the stained glass window. Therefore, the examination and analytical study were conducted using several different techniques, including AutoCAD, digital and stereo microscopies, scanning electron microscope - X-ray energy dispersion, X-ray diffraction, and microbiological examination. The microscopic study revealed that the surface of the painted glass suffers from the presence of layers of damaged products, which obscure the decorations and lead to opacity. Light holes spread across the layers of different paints with varying sizes, and pits appear as a result of corrosion. Using EDX, the element responsible for the color in the painted glass layer was determined, as well as the composition of the lead came. XRD was used to identify the crystalline compounds in the painted glass layer and the putty composition. In the end, an appropriate treatment plan was drawn up for the condition of the lead-stained glass window to preserve it from loss and damage due to its archaeological and artistic value.