“…Among the various approaches that have been proposed so far to implement autonomic management capabilities in distributed environments, multi-agent systems (MAS in short) are the most popular in the smart grid research community [254,4,255,233]. This is also demonstrated by the large number of multi-agent systems that have been designed for a variety of smart grid applications, including power system restoration [256,257], fault diagnosis [258][259][260][261], management of distributed energy resources [262][263][264], demand-side management [265], management of energy storage systems [266,78], optimization of EV operations [267][268][269]53], substation automation [270], distribution control [271], network monitoring [272,261] and visualization [273], electricity market simulation [274,275], profiling of power generation and energy usage patterns [276], management of micro-grids and VPPs [277,262,62,278,279].…”