Mulch film: An overlooked diffuse source of organic ultraviolet absorbers in agricultural soil

Li, Bingru; Liu, Qi; Yao, Zhenzhen; Ma, Zhihong; Li, Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120935

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…But the median concentrations of total UVAs in this study were orders of magnitude higher than those found in traditional food packaging plastic. In previous studies, we found that UVAs can be more easily migrated into soils from the biodegradable mulch films (Li et al, 2022a). This suggests that the use of biodegradable mulch film is a potential source of UVAs’ pollution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Distribution properties of ultraviolet absorbents in different species of biodegradable plastics

Yao

2023

Waste Manag Res

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Ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) in the environment have been of increasing concern because of their potential toxicity. However, data on UVAs in the biodegradable plastics are still limited. In this work, we determined the concentrations of 13 UVAs in 6 different types of biodegradable plastic products from Beijing, China, by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and found the total concentrations in the range of 37.21–1,138,526 ng g−1. These target UVAs, BP (benzophenone), BP-3, BP-12, UV-328, UV-234, UV-326, UV-329, UV-360 and UV-P are prevalent in the plastic bags, garbage bags, food packaging bags, plastic lunch boxes and tableware, product packing bags and mulch films, except for BP-1, UV-320, UV-327 and UV-PS. This finding showed that the total concentrations of the 13 UVAs in biodegradable mulch films (mean: 1,138,527 ng g−1) were several orders of magnitude higher than those in the other 5 categories of samples (mean: 37.21–186.9 ng g−1). And the UV-328 and BP-1 were the most important components of UVAs in the biodegradable mulch films, with the levels ranging of 726,568–1,062,687 ng g−1 and 317,470–506,178 ng g−1, respectively. As the majority of UVAs were detected in biodegradable plastics, the potential risk of UVAs exposure may exist in the environment with the large-scale use of biodegradable plastics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Distribution properties of ultraviolet absorbents in different species of biodegradable plastics

Yao

2023

Waste Manag Res

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“…In contrast, benzophenone type UV absorbers are the preferred UV absorbers because of their lower toxicity and lower mobility. [12] Nonetheless, unsubstituted o-hydroxybenzophenones still faces the challenge of low UV absorption intensity and narrow absorption range. Recently, researchers have modified and altered the molecular backbone of benzophenone using 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone (UV-0) as raw material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Synthesis and Application of New Benzophenyl Derivatives

Wang,

Yan,

Song

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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In this work, two new functionalized monosubstituted and disubstituted benzophenone derivatives have been synthesized through a one‐step nucleophilic substitution treatment using dihydroxybenzophenone and arylsulfonyl chloride as raw materials. All the compounds were characterization by NMR and MS spectroscopy technology and the resulting products exhibited efficient UV light absorption in the range of 220–350 nm. The monosubstituted products can effectively improve the photostability of light‐curable coatings and extend the storage time of coatings, the disubstituted one as photoinitiators possess fantastic photoinitiation effect, and the cured coating is smooth and transparent with good adhesion. The introduction of benzenesulfonyl groups on the skeleton of dihydroxybenzophenone(UV‐0) can enhance the compatibility of the compounds with monomers and active diluents, and also improve the defects of yellowing and small molecule migration of cured products. Among them, the monosubstituted products as UV absorber can effectively improve the photostability of the photocurable coating and extend the storage time of coating. As a photoinitiator, the disubstituted products have good photoinitiation effect, and the cured coating are smooth and transparent, and good adhesion.

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“…11 Documented additive release from mulch films to agroecosystem compartments includes phthalate plasticisers, [12][13][14] organophosphate antioxidants and their derivatives 15 and both benzophenone and benzotriazole UV absorbers. 16 These studies targeted additives of concern, focusing on priority compound classes with reported neurotoxicity or endocrine-disrupting capabilities, [17][18][19] given they may enter the food chain through direct crop uptake 12 or livestock ingestion of microplastics. 20 This fails to comprehensively address the array of other chemical constituents that mulch films introduce to agroecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additives characterised in biodegradable mulches sourced from across China included a range of plasticisers, lubricants, antioxidants and chain extenders that spanned a variety of chemical classes, 10 which are common to many plastic articles within the European Union (EU) 11 . Documented additive release from mulch films to agroecosystem compartments includes phthalate plasticisers, 12–14 organophosphate antioxidants and their derivatives 15 and both benzophenone and benzotriazole UV absorbers 16 . These studies targeted additives of concern, focusing on priority compound classes with reported neurotoxicity or endocrine‐disrupting capabilities, 17–19 given they may enter the food chain through direct crop uptake 12 or livestock ingestion of microplastics 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectral characterisation of cyclic oligoesters in a biodegradable mulch film

Monkley,

Reay,

Evershed

et al. 2024

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationalePlastic mulch film manages weed growth and moisture loss on the surface of cropping beds. The chemical components of such plastics include polymer(s), additives and non‐intentionally added substances (NIASs). The unknown chemical nature and behaviours of these constituents require investigation due to their potential to add to the anthropogenic chemical burden in the agrifood system.MethodsSolvent extracts of a commercial 15% polylactic acid (PLA)/85% poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) mulch film were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with electron ionisation to characterise the additive and NIAS components. The obscurity of some of the NIASs meant their identification was not readily achieved through routine MS library comparisons. As such, the identification of several polymer‐derived compounds required interpretation of the MS data and re‐application of the derived fragmentation patterns with reference to the wider literature. Unknowns were confirmed using commercially available compounds.ResultsUnknown NIASs were identified as cyclic oligoesters comprised of the monomeric building blocks of the polymer system. Cyclic structures derived from the monomers of polybutylene adipate (PBA) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fragmented through a primary pathway involving 1,5‐ and 1,3‐H transfers at ester linkages. Characteristic ions at m/z 111, 129, 183 and 201 for PBA‐derived cyclic oligoesters and m/z 104, 132, 149 and 221 for PBT‐derived cyclic oligoesters were assigned in the mass spectra of unknowns. Cyclic oligoesters containing sebacate moieties were also identified, indicating the presence of polybutylene sebacate as an unexpected component of the mulch.ConclusionsSystematic analyses of the sort reported here are valuable for providing alternative approaches for the identification of plastic‐related chemicals. Open publication of MS spectral data is required to build a greater understanding of the mulch film chemical components contributing to the environmental chemical load introduced to agroecosystems.

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Mulch film: An overlooked diffuse source of organic ultraviolet absorbers in agricultural soil

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Distribution properties of ultraviolet absorbents in different species of biodegradable plastics

Distribution properties of ultraviolet absorbents in different species of biodegradable plastics

Study on Synthesis and Application of New Benzophenyl Derivatives

Mass spectral characterisation of cyclic oligoesters in a biodegradable mulch film

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