Muḥammad ʿAbduh and His Interlocutors: Conceptualizing Religion in a Globalizing World

Kateman, Ammeke

doi:10.1163/9789004398382

Cited by 8 publications

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“…This framing of Islam and modernity as opposites misses the way Islamic tradition was part of ʿAbduh's modern thinking (HAJ 2009). And the positing of this problem of opposites distracts from the actual synchronic contextual problems that ʿAbduh was addresssing, which were not limited to questions about Islam or to one discursive tradition (KATEMAN 2019;SCHIELKE 2007). In this paper, I will contribute to this revisionist relocation of ʿAbduh's reformist ideas in the specific concerns of his own discourse and practical context and, in doing so, show how his engagement with Islamic ethical traditions was informed and shaped by these concerns-providing a modern case study for exploring Islamic ethics as contextually-embedded as opposed to its stereotype of being scripturalist and deontological.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam [whole issue]

Bouhafa

2022

JAIS

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Complete volume, containing all articles CONTENTS Introduction: Feriel Bouhafa, Towards New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam: Casuistry, Contingency, and Ambiguity I. Islamic Philosophy and Theology Feriel Bouhafa, The Dialectics of Ethics: Moral Ontology and Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy Frank Griffel, The Place of Virtue Ethics within the Post-Classical Discourse on ḥikma: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s al-Nafs wa-l-rūḥ wa-sharḥ quwāhumā Ayman Shihadeh, Psychology and Ethical Epistemology: An Ashʿarī Debate with Muʿtazilī Ethical Realism, 11th-12th C. Hannah C. Erlwein, The Moral Obligation to Worship God Alone: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Analysis in the Tafsīr Anna Ayse Akasoy, Philosophy in the Narrative Mode: Alexander the Great as an Ethical Character from Roman to Medieval Islamicate Literature II. Islamic Jurisprudence Ziad Bou Akl, From Norm Evaluation to Norm Construction: The Metaethical Origin of al-Ghazālī’s Radical Infallibilism Felicitas Opwis, The Ethical Turn in Legal Analogy: Imbuing the Ratio Legis with Maṣlaḥa Robert Gleave, Moral Assessments and Legal Categories: The Relationship between Rational Ethics and Revealed Law in Post-Classical Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory Omar Farahat, Moral Value and Commercial Gain: Three Classical Islamic Approaches III Hadith, Quran, and Adab Mutaz al-Khatib, Consult Your Heart: The Self as a Source of Moral Judgment Tareq Moqbel, “As Time Grows Older, the Qurʾān Grows Younger”: The Ethical Function of Ambiguity in Qurʾānic Narratives Enass Khansa, Can Reading Animate Justice? A Conversation from Alf Layla wa-Layla (The Thousand and One Nights) Nuha AlShaar, The Interplay of Religion and Philosophy in al-Tawḥīdī’s Political Thought and Practical Ethics William Ryle Hodges, Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab: Ethics as a Virtue of Modern Citizenship in Late 19th Century Khedival Egypt

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam [whole issue]

Bouhafa

2022

JAIS

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Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab

Ryle-Hodges¹

2022

JAIS

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This paper extends the emphasis on contingency and context in Islamic ethical traditions into the distinctly modern context of late 19th century Khedival Egypt. I draw attention to the way Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s engagement with Islamic ethical traditions was shaped by his practice in addressing the broad social and political questions of his context to do with nation-building and political journalism. As a bureaucrat and state publicist, he took pre-modern Islamic ethical concepts into the emerging discursive field of the modern state and the public sphere in Egypt. Looking at a series of newspaper articles for the state newspaper, al-Waqāʾiʿ al-miṣriyya, I show how he articulated an ethics of citizenship by defining a modern civic notion of adab that he called “political adab.” He conceived of this adab as the answer to the problem of how a unified nation emerges from the condition of “freedom” by which journalists and the reading public at the time were conceptualizing the politics of the ʿUrābī revolution in late 1881. This was a “freedom” of the public sphere that allowed for free speech and the power of public opinion to shape governance. ‘Political adab’ would be the virtue or situational skill, internalized in each participant in the public sphere, that would regulate this freedom, ensuring that it produces unity rather than anarchy. I argue that adab here enshrined ʿAbduh’s holistic approach to nation-building; Egypt with political rights would be a nation in which the very idea of the nation is comprehensively embedded—through adab—in people’s lives, animating their “souls”. This was a politics conceived not as a self-standing domain, but as growing out of society, becoming thereby an authentic unity and self-regulating “life”. In developing this vision, ʿAbduh was amplifying pre-modern meanings of adab implying wide breadth of knowledge, good taste, and the virtues, labelled in the paper as ‘comprehensivness,’ ‘consensus’ and ‘habitus.’ Keywords: Muḥammad ʿAbduh, Adab, Freedom, Nation, Politics, Egypt

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The Indian Challenge: Indology and New Conceptions of Christianity as ‘Religion’ at the End of the Nineteenth Century

Thurner

2023

Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies

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This chapter argues that religion as a universal concept was not a European invention but had a global history. In the late-nineteenth century, a new understanding of ‘religion’(This contribution uses terms like ‘religion’, ‘science’, ‘history’, or ‘Europe’ not as ontological self-evident entities and unchangeable concepts. They are rather understood in a strictly historical sense—as names produced and used within a global discourse) emerged as a reaction against a physiological materialism that criticized ‘religion’ in the name of ‘science’. This new understanding regarded religion as an inner experience differing from ‘science’. Simultaneously, colonial knowledge production and the new importance of ‘history’ in the humanities led to the formation of a general religious history including Christianity. Consequently, religious reformers in all parts of the world started to define their traditions as ‘religion’ to prove their accordance with ‘science’. Western intellectuals were turning to Buddhism, and later a neo-Vedantic form of Hinduism, as decidedly scientific religions, and as historical evidence for their critique of Christianity. In this context, Christian theologians were challenged to prove the truth claims of Christianity in the new arena of the general religious history. Ernst Troeltsch, who was at the centre of this debate, turned to the German Indologist Hermann Oldenberg to substantiate his new conception of Christianity. This chapter shows that Troeltsch and Oldenberg were part of a global discourse on religion in which Buddhism was a challenge for Christian scholars.

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Muḥammad ʿAbduh and His Interlocutors: Conceptualizing Religion in a Globalizing World

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam [whole issue]

New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam [whole issue]

Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab

The Indian Challenge: Indology and New Conceptions of Christianity as ‘Religion’ at the End of the Nineteenth Century

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