Abstract:The fall of Egypt, which was one of the centers of Islamic culture and civilization, into the hands of the West in 1798 CE, inspired the Islamic world of its weaknesses and made Muslims aware that in the West a new higher civilization had arisen and was a threat to Islam. The kings and leaders of Islam began to think about how to improve the quality and strength of Muslims again. So were born the ideas of renewal in Islam, which began in Egypt with one of its famous characters, Muhammad Abduh. This study aims … Show more
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