Mugil cephalus roe oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction affects the lipid profile and viability in cancer HeLa and B16F10 cells

Abstract

We explored the changes in viability and lipid profile occurring in cancer cells, murine melanoma cells (B16F10 cells) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells), when exposed to 24 h-treatments with an n-3 PUFA-rich oil obtained by supercritical extraction with CO2 from Mugil cephalus processed roe (bottarga). The composition of the major lipid classes of bottarga oil was determined by the (13)C NMR technique. Reversed-phase HPLC with DAD/ELSD detection was performed to analyze cells' total fatty acid profile and the levels of phospholipids, total/free cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and cholesteryl esters. Cell-based fluorescent measurements of intracellular membranes and lipid droplets were performed on bottarga oil-treated cells using the Nile red staining technique. The treatments of cancer cells with bottarga oil reduced the viability and affected the fatty acid profile, with a significant n-3 PUFA increase in treated cells. Mullet roe oil uptake modulated the cancer cell lipid composition, inducing a remarkable incorporation of health beneficial n-3 PUFA in the polar and neutral lipid fractions. Bottarga oil treatment influenced the synthesis of intracellular membranes and accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in cancer cells.

Evaluation of the attractant effect and lipid profile modulation of natural fixed oils on the medfly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)

“…The yeast in flakes was provided from Il Fior di loto Srl (Torino, Italy). Fruits of L. nobilis (Marzouki, Piras, Marongiu, Rosa, & Dessì, ) and P. terebinthus (Piras et al, ), seeds of M. fragrans (Piras et al, ), wheat germ (Piras et al, ), and the salted and semidried mullet ( M. cephalus ) ovary product (bottarga; Rosa et al, ) were obtained as previously reported.…”

“…Total lipids were extracted from insect samples (approximately 90 mg of fresh weight, corresponding to 12–13 insects) and aliquots of yeast (100 mg) used for standard diet by the Folch procedure (Folch, Lees, & Sloane Stanley, ), using a mixture of CHCl 3 :MeOH of 2:1 (Rosa et al, ). After addition of H 2 O, the samples were left in the dark at room temperature for 1 hr, centrifuged for 1 hr at 900 g , and the methanol–H 2 O phase was separated from the CHCl 3 phase.…”

“…Samples aliquots were injected into the HPLC system. The recovery of fatty was calculated by using an external standard mixture (Rosa et al, ). All solvent evaporation was performed under vacuum.…”

“…Analyses of unsaturated (detected at 200 nm with DAD) and saturated (ELSD detection) fatty acids, obtained from insect lipid saponification, were carried out with a XDB‐C18 Eclipse column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) equipped with a Zorbax XDB‐C8 Eclipse (12.5 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) guard column (Agilent Technologies), with a mobile phase of CH 3 CN/H 2 O/CH 3 COOH (75/25/0.12, vol/vol/vol), at a flow rate of 2.3 ml/min (Rosa et al, ). An Inertsil ODS‐2 column, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size (Superchrom, Milan, Italy), with MeOH as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 2 ml/min and ELSD detection, was also used for the direct qualitative analyses of FFA, phospholipids (PL), TAGs, WEs, and free cholesterol (FC) in lipids extracted from medflies (Rosa et al, ). Recording and integration of the chromatogram data were carried out through an Agilent OpenLAB Chromatography data system.…”

“…Oils were extracted from wheat germ, fruits of Laurus nobilis , and Pistacia terebinthus , seeds of Myristica fragrans and mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) roes. The fixed oils were obtained from different matrices by supercritical fluid extraction with CO 2 (SFE‐CO 2 ), an alternative, environmentally benign, separation technique, amply used to obtain fixed oils from spices or plants and marine sources (Piras et al, , ; Rosa et al, , ). We preliminary evaluated the attractant effect of fixed oils by two‐choice behavioral experiments.…”