Mucous Flow and Ciliary Activity in the Trachea of Rats Exposed to Pulmonary Irritant Gas

Dalhamn, Tore; Rhodin, Johannes A.G.

doi:10.1136/oem.13.2.110

Cited by 52 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Crowding of epithelial cells with marked mononuclear and eosinophilic infiltration of subepithelial connective tissue were constant findings in all exposed rabbits. This was in accordance with the work of Dalham [7] and Tremor et al [13] on ciliated mucosa after exposure to different irritants and air pollutants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

Gaafar¹,

Tantawy²,

Hamza³

et al. 1998

ORL

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In recent studies, the vomeronasal organ (VNO), although vestigial and with unknown function in humans, was reported to be present in almost every person examined. In rabbits, it is a well-developed organ, one lying on each side of the nasal septum. Histologically it was found to contain neuroepithelium which is considered an accessory olfactory system taking charge of an olfactory discrimination different from that of olfactory epithelium. Experimental removal of the VNO in male animals reduces reproductive performance and aggression. In this study, the effects of prolonged exposure to ammonia vapor on the histological pattern and enzymatic activity of the olfactory epithelium and the VNO neuroepithelium of 30 adult male rabbits were investigated and compared with a control group. In the exposed animals, the supporting cells in both types of epithelia showed hyperplasia which was more marked in the olfactory epithelium. Manifestations of cytotoxicity were found more in the bipolar cells of the olfactory epithelium than in the VNO neuroepithelium. The enzymatic activity in the exposed group supported the histological results. The presence of the VNO neuroepithelium of the rabbit in a narrow duct with a minute nasal orifice could have some protective effects on the cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

Gaafar¹,

Tantawy²,

Hamza³

et al. 1998

ORL

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“…A somewhat differ ent but equally provocative possibility is that some cancer material by local (in haled) or general (systemic) effect might have had a cilioinhibitory effect. Our find ings are not in contrast with the observa tion that the direct exposure to dry air slows mucociliary transport in the rat tra chea [23] and in humans after tracheosto my [22]. In fact, our findings refer to the acute (within 2 months) effect of the tracheostomy on mucociliary function.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Laryngeal Cancer: Long-Term FolIow-Up of Respiratory Functions after Laryngectomy

Todisco¹,

Maurizi

Paludetti

et al. 1984

Respiration

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Pulmonary function of 31 heavy smokers with laryngeal cancer was evaluated before and during the 1st year after total (n = 21) and conservative (n = 10) laryngectomy. 2 of them died because of recurrences, 1 for bronchopulmonary complications. Long-lasting hoarseness was the only presenting symptom in all patients. Preoperative lung function data and mucociliary clearance were consistent with a coexisting chronic obstructive lung disease in most subjects and was probably due to smoking. No differences were observed comparing pre- and postoperative data in the 10 conservative laryngectomy patients. On the contrary, the total-laryngectomy patients showed a progressive impairment of bronchial obstruction and bacteriological infection of the trachea during the 1st year after the operation. An impressive increase in mucociliary clearance rates has been observed 2 months after total laryngectomy during the postoperative hypersecretory phase. The obtained data allow us to hypothesize that when clinical conditions of laryngectomized patients in whom local or distant recurrences have been excluded deteriorate, this is related to a progressive bronchial obstruction at any level of the bronchial tree due to descending bacterial infection of the airways. To our knowledge this is the only work demonstrating that total laryngectomized patients need a complete pre- and postoperative evaluation of lung function, airway dynamics, mucociliary function and tracheal bacteriology for long-term prognosis and treatment.

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“…According to Dalhamm this would guarantee a normal environment for ciliary activity,. 8 Another feature of this technique is the maintenance of isothermie saturation within the functional residual capacity and the smaller airways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of heat and moisture in the respiratory tract during anaesthesia with a non-rebreathing system

Déry

1973

Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J.

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TttREE MAJOR DISADVANTACES are currently associated with non-rebreathing systems in anaesthesia. The first is the cost of discarding large amounts of expensive gases and vapours in the ambient atmosphere. The second, closely related to the first, is operating room pollution. 1,2 The third is concerned with the potentially harmful effects of flushing the respiratory tract with desiccated gas mixtures, z,4We can imagine, in theory, the threatening sequence associated with the inhalation of a dehydrated gas mixture, particularly when the air-conditioning facilities of the nasal passages are being by-passed. It can be assumed that the dry gases will reach the trachea still completely dry, at a temperature very much the same as room temperature. Consequently, the inspired gas mixture will take up moisture and heat from the tracheobronehial tree, leading to local hypothermia, poor ciliary activity, decreased water content of mucus, impaired mucus rheology and accumulation of viscid secretions. This may not be a serious handicap to anyone who can cough forcibly, but for the operative patient, whose power to cough is impaired, it may be disastrous.The effects of dry anaesthetic gases on the tracheobronchial ciliated epithelium were recently described by Chalon, Loew and Malebranche. 5 Having sampled the ciliated epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree from bronchial lavage, they noticed deciliafion, loss of endplates and distortion and pyknosis of the nuclei. However, no measurements of the actual moisture in the tracheobronchial tree were done prior to sampling, so documentation on this aspect still remains very scant. The purpose of our work was to measure the heat and moisture pattern in the airways during clinical anaesthesia using a non-rebreathing system and to compare it with the semiclosed circle and normal patients at rest. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREOur measurements were obtained in the operating room during the course of uncomphcated anaesthesia in ten normal patients. The operations were lengthy, involving the abdomen or the limbs. Adults were preferred to children, and males to females, because the larynx could accept a wider bore tracheal tube. It was felt that our sampling devices would thus cause minimal disturbance of the geometric configuration of the airway.Immediately following the induction of anaesthesia, the tracheal tube was connected with a non-rebreathing system, using Fink's valve as the basic directional

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Mucous Flow and Ciliary Activity in the Trachea of Rats Exposed to Pulmonary Irritant Gas

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

Laryngeal Cancer: Long-Term FolIow-Up of Respiratory Functions after Laryngectomy

The evolution of heat and moisture in the respiratory tract during anaesthesia with a non-rebreathing system

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