Mucosal Melanoma of the Female Genital Tract Is a Multifocal Disorder

Lotem, M; Anteby, Saul; Peretz, Tamar; Ingber, Arieh; Avinoach, Ilana; Prus, Diana

doi:10.1006/gyno.2002.6848

Cited by 68 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In contrast, vulvar melanoma is rare with an estimated incidence of 0.10/100,000 women per year. It accounts for 2–10% of all vulvar malignancies with the highest reported rate of 6.9% among all melanomas in women [4]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vulvar melanoma typically occurs in postmenopausal women with a high tendency of recurrence [2,3,4,5,6], which led some to postulate that vulvar melanoma represents a multifocal disease. Furthermore, a small subset of benign vulvar nevi, known as atypical melanocytic nevi of the genital type (AMNGT), show concerning features by histopathology that may overlap with melanoma [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermoscopy of Pigmented Lesions of the Vulva: A Retrospective Morphological Study

et al. 2011

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Background: The dermoscopic patterns of pigmented skin tumors are influenced by the body site. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and dermoscopic features associated with pigmented vulvar lesions. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical and dermoscopic images of vulvar lesions. The χ² test was used to test the association between clinical data and histopathological diagnosis. Results: A total of 42 (32.8%) melanocytic and 86 (67.2%) nonmelanocytic vulvar lesions were analyzed. Nevi significantly prevailed in younger women compared with melanomas and melanosis and exhibited most commonly a globular/cobblestone (51.3%) and a mixed (21.6%) pattern. Dermoscopically all melanomas showed a multicomponent pattern. Melanotic macules showed clinical overlapping features with melanoma, but their dermoscopic patterns differed significantly from those observed in melanomas. Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of pigmented vulvar lesions should be based on a good clinicodermoscopic correlation. Dermoscopy may be helpful in the differentiation of solitary melanotic macules from early melanoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermoscopy of Pigmented Lesions of the Vulva: A Retrospective Morphological Study

et al. 2011

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“…Penile melanoma is a rare disease that affects mainly elderly patients, from the sixth decade of life, unlike cutaneous melanoma, whose incidence is higher in young patients (40-50 years) (2). One of our patients, however, with 14 years of age showed an in situ (Tis) melanoma in the glans, successfully treated by local excision and remained disease-free after a follow-up of 96 months after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Primary penile melanoma and in male urethra are rare malignant neoplasms that mostly affects elderly patients, from the sixth and seventh decades of life (2). There are approximately 200 cases described in the literature, representing less than 1.4% of primary carcinomas of the penis (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile primary melanoma: analysis of 6 patients treated at Brazilian national cancer institute in the last eight years

et al. 2013

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“…Mucosal melanomas are multifocal in 20% cases, while cutaneous melanomas are multifocal in 5% [2,3]. 40% of mucosal melanomas are amelanotic, while <10% of cutaneous melanomas [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Mucosal Melanoma: Uncommonly Described Entity

Yadav¹,

Jatal²

2015

Surgery

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BackgroundMalignant melanoma arises by malignant transformation of the normal melanocytes. Distribution of malignant melanoma includes cutaneous (91.2%), ocular (5.3%), mucosal (1.3%), and unknown primary site (2.2%) [1]. Because of rarity and clinical challenges arising from different anatomic location, our understanding for the optimal management of mucosal melanoma remains limited. Malignant melanoma can arise from the mucosal epithelium of respiratory, alimentary, and genitourinary tracts, all of which contain melanocytes. The most common sites for primary mucosal melanoma include head and neck followed by anorectal, and vulvovaginal regions (55, 24, and 18%, respectively). Rarer sites are urinary tract, gallbladder, and small intestine.Although melanocytes share same embryologic origin, mucosal melanomas behave more aggressively and have many different characteristics compared to cutaneous melanomas. Mucosal melanomas are multifocal in 20% cases, while cutaneous melanomas are multifocal in 5% [2,3]. 40% of mucosal melanomas are amelanotic, while <10% of cutaneous melanomas [3]. In the following section we described this uncommonly presented entity. 5 year survival for mucosal melanoma is 25%, while that for cutaneous melanoma it is 80.8% [1]. EtiopathogenesisMucosal melanoma arises in non-sun exposed parts of the body and risk factors are not properly defined. Incidence increases with age and > 65% of patients are older than 60 years [4]. The difference between white and black population is less pronounced compared to cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanomas are approximately twice higher among whites compared to blacks [5]. The higher incidence in females compared to males is because of the predominance of genital tract melanomas in females, which account for 56.5% of mucosal melanomas among them [5]. There is no difference in rates between genders for extragenital mucosal melanomas.For oral mucosal melanoma cigarette smoking has been suggested as a risk factor [6]. Formaldehyde has been implicated in sinonasal mucosal melanoma [7]. Genetic studies identified increased prevalence of c-KIT mutation and lower expression BRAF and NRAS oncogene mutation in mucosal melanoma compared with cutaneous melanoma [8,9]. Diagnosis and StagingWhole body skin examination and ophthalmic examination are important to exclude possibility of metastatic lesion from primary cutaneous or ocular melanoma and it is more important when diagnosing melanoma in sites, where it occurs uncommonly. To distinguish primary lesions from metastases Allen and Spitz identified junctional or in situ melanoma component with intact epithelium overlaying invasive melanoma as main diagnostic criteria for primary melanoma [10]. As diagnosis of mucosal melanomas is usually delayed and many lesions are ulcerated, this criterion is not easy to assess.There is no uniformly accepted staging system for mucosal melanoma and varies depending on the primary site. A simplified staging system originally developed for head and neck melanoma can be applied to al...

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Mucosal Melanoma of the Female Genital Tract Is a Multifocal Disorder

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

Dermoscopy of Pigmented Lesions of the Vulva: A Retrospective Morphological Study

Dermoscopy of Pigmented Lesions of the Vulva: A Retrospective Morphological Study

Penile primary melanoma: analysis of 6 patients treated at Brazilian national cancer institute in the last eight years

Primary Mucosal Melanoma: Uncommonly Described Entity

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