Mucosal immunity in<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>infection

Schulthess, Julie; Fourreau, D; Darche, Sylvie; Meresse, Bertrand; Kasper, Lloyd H.; Cerf‐Bensussan, Nadine; Buzoni‐Gatel, Dominique

doi:10.1051/parasite/2008153389

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our dose-dependence analyses indicated that 30 μg of rTgPDI evoked a significant Th1-type immune response, as demonstrated by high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IgG2a ( P <0.01), while no obvious changes in IL-10 of Th2-type immune response. In addition to cellular immune responses, both humoral immunity, associated with increased total IgG antibody levels, and mucosal immune responses, resulting in IgA production, are important in controlling T. gondii infection [43], [44]. Our results showed that the administration of 30 μg of rTgPDI resulted in higher levels of IgG and IgA in sera compared with the other treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Toxoplasma gondii Protein Disulfide Isomerase (TgPDI) Is a Novel Vaccine Candidate against Toxoplasmosis

Wang

Yin

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals, including both mammals and birds. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) localises to the surface of T. gondii tachyzoites and modulates the interactions between parasite and host cells. In this study, the protective efficacy of recombinant T. gondii PDI (rTgPDI) as a vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice was evaluated. rTgPDI was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Five groups of animals (10 animals/group) were immunised with 10, 20, 30, 40 μg of rTgPDI per mouse or with PBS as a control group. All immunisations were performed via the nasal route at 1, 14 and 21 days. Two weeks after the last immunisation, the immune responses were evaluated by lymphoproliferative assays and by cytokine and antibody measurements. The immunised mice were challenged with tachyzoites of the virulent T. gondii RH strain on the 14th day after the last immunisation. Following the challenge, the tachyzoite loads in tissues were assessed, and animal survival time was recorded. Our results showed that the group immunised with 30 μg rTgPDI showed significantly higher levels of specific antibodies against the recombinant protein, a strong lymphoproliferative response and significantly higher levels of IgG2a, IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and IL-4 production compared with other doses and control groups. While no changes in IL-10 levels were detected. After being challenged with T. gondii tachyzoites, the numbers of tachyzoites in brain and liver tissues from the rTgPDI group were significantly reduced compared with those of the control group, and the survival time of the mice in the rTgPDI group was longer than that of mice in the control group. Our results showed that immunisation with rTgPDI elicited a protective immune reaction and suggested that rTgPDI might represent a promising vaccine candidate for combating toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Toxoplasma gondii Protein Disulfide Isomerase (TgPDI) Is a Novel Vaccine Candidate against Toxoplasmosis

Wang

Yin

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Intranasally administered rTgADF was able to penetrate the nasal epithelium, where it was processed by the antigen-presenting cells. This process leads to the activation of T and B cells that develop into IgA plasma cells [ 17 , 25 , 26 ]. Mature sIgAs are compounded in the regional lymph nodes, and then enters circulation via the thoracic duct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal immunization with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor confers protective efficacy against toxoplasmosis in mice

Liu

Yin

et al. 2016

BMC Immunol

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Background Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan closely associated with AIDS and vertical transmission. T. gondii actin depolymerizing factor (TgADF) plays an important role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and it is required to invade host cells. TgADF was a promising vaccine candidate. To observe the immunological changes and protective efficacy of recombinant TgADF protein (rTgADF) against T. gondii infection, we optimized the intranasal immunization dose of rTgADF and analyzed the survival rate and tachyzoite loads in mouse tissues after oral challenge with T. gondii tachyzoites.ResultsrTgADF was prepared, purified, and combined with mouse anti-His antibody and rabbit anti-T. gondii serum. After intranasal immunization with 10 μg, 20 μg, 30 μg, or 40 μg of rTgADF, the 30-μg group elicited high levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, and vesical washes, raised IgG titres in the sera, strong proliferation of splenocytes, and increased secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ when compared with the control group. When the mice were orally challenged with T. gondii, an increase in the survival rate (36.36 %) and a decrease in the tachyzoite loads in the liver (67.77 %) and brain (51.01 %) were observed.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that intranasal immunization with rTgADF can simultaneously trigger mucosal and systemic immune responses and protect the mice against T. gondii infection.

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“…It is also capable of causing abortion or birth defects during congenital infection ( 75 , 76 ). Toxoplasma transmission occurs by oral ingestion of infectious tissue cysts or oocysts; hence, intestinal mucosal immunity constitutes the first line of defense and is one of the most important barriers against T. gondii ( 13 , 77 , 78 ). In the small intestine, T. gondii differentiates into tachyzoites, the rapidly replicating form of the parasite, which ultimately disseminates infection beyond the intestinal mucosa, colonizing other tissues, such as skeletal muscle and the central nervous system, before it differentiates into the bradyzoite form, which establishes latent infection in the form of tissue cysts ( 13 ).…”

Section: Intestinal Mucosal Immunity To Pathogenic Protozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal immune responses to commensal and pathogenic protozoa

2022

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The physical barrier of the intestine and associated mucosal immunity maintains a delicate homeostatic balance between the host and the external environment by regulating immune responses to commensals, as well as functioning as the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Understanding the orchestration and characteristics of the intestinal mucosal immune response during commensal or pathological conditions may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying microbe-induced immunological tolerance, protection, and/or pathogenesis. Over the last decade, our knowledge about the interface between the host intestinal mucosa and the gut microbiome has been dominated by studies focused on bacterial communities, helminth parasites, and intestinal viruses. In contrast, specifically how commensal and pathogenic protozoa regulate intestinal immunity is less well studied. In this review, we provide an overview of mucosal immune responses induced by intestinal protozoa, with a major focus on the role of different cell types and immune mediators triggered by commensal (Blastocystis spp. and Tritrichomonas spp.) and pathogenic (Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum) protozoa. We will discuss how these various protozoa modulate innate and adaptive immune responses induced in experimental models of infection that benefit or harm the host.

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Mucosal immunity inToxoplasma gondiiinfection

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Toxoplasma gondii Protein Disulfide Isomerase (TgPDI) Is a Novel Vaccine Candidate against Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii Protein Disulfide Isomerase (TgPDI) Is a Novel Vaccine Candidate against Toxoplasmosis

Intranasal immunization with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor confers protective efficacy against toxoplasmosis in mice

Intestinal immune responses to commensal and pathogenic protozoa

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