Mucosal Immunity in HIV Infection

Staats, Herman F.; McGhee, Jerry R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0191-0_20

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 144 publications

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“…The antibodies present in the secretions that bathe the mucosal membrane are predominantly secretory form of IgA (s-lgA) and in virtually all cases their induction requires direct mucosal immunization. Systemic and vaginal antibody response is also generated after intranasal immunization with HIV-1, C4/V3 peptide TISIPIOMN(A) (85). In addition it was observed that TISIPIOMN(A) with CT were able to induce anti-HIV cell mediated immunity in vivo.…”

Section: Mucosal Immunization Offers Saveral Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 98%

New age adjuvants and delivery systems for subunit vaccines

Koduri

Manocha

Sabhnani

et al. 2000

Indian J Clin Biochem

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The dramatic advancements in the field of vaccinology has led to the formulation of chemically well defined vaccines composed of synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins derived from the immunologically dominant regions of the pathogens. Though these subunit vaccines are safer compared to the traditional vaccines they are known to be poorly immunogenic. This necessitates the use of adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of these vaccine formulations. The most common adjuvant for human use is alum. Research in the past has focused on the development of systemic immunity using conventional immunization protocols. In the present era, the emphasis is on the development and formulation of alternative adjuvants and delivery systems in generating systemic as well as mucosal immunity. This review mainly focuses on a variety of adjuvants (particulate as well as non-particulate) used with protective antigens of HIV, malaria, plague, leprosy using modified delivery vehicles. The experience of our laboratory and other researchers in this field clearly proves that these new age adjuvants and delivery systems undoubtedly generate enhanced immune response -both humoral and cell mediated. The choice of antigens, the nature of adjuvant used and the mode of delivery employed have a profound effect on the type of immune response generated. Besides the quantity, the quality of the antibodies generated also play a vital role in protection against these diseases. Some of the adjuvants and delivery systems used promoted high titre and affinity antibodies, which were shown to be cytophilic in nature, an important criteria in providing protection to the host. Thus the studies on these adjuvants/ delivery systems with respect to various infectious diseases indicate their active role in efficient modulation of immune response along with safety and permissiblity.

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Section: Mucosal Immunization Offers Saveral Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 98%

New age adjuvants and delivery systems for subunit vaccines

Koduri

Manocha

Sabhnani

et al. 2000

Indian J Clin Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals

Mazzoli

Trabattoni

Caputo

et al. 1997

Nat Med

374

215

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HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity was analyzed in heterosexual couples discordant for HIV status in serum and in HIV-unexposed controls. HIV-specific IgA but not IgG was present in urine and vaginal wash samples from HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESN), whereas both IgA and IgG were observed in their HIV-seropositive partners; antibodies were not detected in low-risk controls. Envelope protein (Env) peptide-stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected in 9 out of 16 ESNs, 5 out of 16 HIV-infected patients and 1 out of 50 controls. Env peptide-stimulated PBMCs of ESNs produced more IL-2 and less IL-10 compared with those of HIV-infected individuals; no differences were observed in chemokine production or in CCR5 expression. These data demonstrate that a compartmentalized immune response to pathogens is possible in humans and raise the possibility of protective roles for cell-mediated immunity and mucosal IgA in HIV-seronegative individuals exposed to HIV.

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Mucosal and Systemic Immune Activation Is Present in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Exposed Seronegative Women

et al. 2000

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Immune parameters were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cervical mucosa biopsy specimens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative women sexually exposed to HIV (exposed seronegative [ESN]), HIV-infected women, and healthy women without HIV exposure. HIV was not detected in PBMC or cervical mucosa biopsy specimens of ESN women. However, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and -beta mRNA were elevated in PBMC and cervical mucosa biopsy specimens of ESN and HIV-infected women; CCR5 and CXCR4 mRNA were augmented in cervical mucosa biopsy specimens, but not in PBMC, of ESN and HIV-infected women; HIV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells were detected in vaginal washes of ESN and HIV-infected women; and phenotypic alterations were present in PBMC of ESN women. These results suggest that active HIV infection is not required for T cell activation; immune alterations occur in women in whom HIV infection cannot be detected virologically or clinically.

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Mucosal Immunity in HIV Infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 144 publications

New age adjuvants and delivery systems for subunit vaccines

New age adjuvants and delivery systems for subunit vaccines

HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals

Mucosal and Systemic Immune Activation Is Present in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Exposed Seronegative Women

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