Mucosal immunity in chickens vaccinated with the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus

Jayawardane, G.W.L.; Spradbrow, P. B.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(95)00073-j

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The importance of local antibodies in the defence mechanism against viral infection has been emphasized in recent years (Scott, 2004). It appears that local immunity acts as a barrier at surfaces where primary viral infections occur, thereby interfering with further spread of the virus (Jayawardane & Spradbrow, 1995;Russell, 1993). Birds have a well-developed mucosal immune system; its characteristics include local production and secretion of IgA antibodies and traffic of IgAproducing plasma cells (Zigterman et al, 1993;Jayawardane & Spradbrow, 1995;Al-Garib et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established that the mucosal immunity represented by immunoglobulin A (IgA) production plays an important role in the development of protection in chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease (Reynolds & Maraqa, 2000;Scott, 2004;Seal et al, 2000). Antibody production in the mucosa is closely related to viral replication in the target cells, hence the pathogenesis and tissue tropism of the viruses used for vaccination is to be considered in order to assess the efficacy of a given live vaccine against a direct challenge (Jayawardane & Spradbrow, 1995). The intestinal tropism of the VG/GA strain and the consequent induction of local immunity may be important for protection against velogenic-viscerotropic strains of NDV that have been reported to induce massive destruction of intestinal lymphoid areas and extensive ulceration of overlying intestinal epithelium (Brown et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

et al. 2008

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The VillegasÁGlisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the intestine of healthy turkeys has been proposed to replicate in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens. In the present study, the virus distribution, the mucosal and systemic immune response, the efficacy against lethal challenge and the full genome sequence of the VG/GA strain were compared with the La Sota strain of NDV. The VG/GA strain was detected at different time points in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens with a preferential tropism for the latter. Both the VG/GA and La Sota strains induced NDVspecific immunoglobulin A (IgA) at the upper respiratory tract. IgA levels were higher in the trachea for the La Sota strain, while they were higher in the bile and intestine for the VG/GA strain. Positive correlation between virus distribution of the viruses and IgA production was observed. Despite the presence of the maternal antibodies in broilers, early vaccination with the VG/GA strain afforded 95% to 100% protection against lethal challenge, equivalent to the protection conferred by the La Sota strain. Full genome sequence analysis classified the VG/GA strain within class II, genotype II viruses, which also include most of the respirotropic vaccine strains. Differences with the La Sota strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels that may explain the differential phenotype of the VG/GA were observed; however, verification of the significance of those changes is required. Taken together, these results validate field observations on the efficacy of VG/ GA vaccination and demonstrated the unique characteristics of the strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

et al. 2008

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“…The protective role of secretive (s)IgA has been shown based on several types of vaccinations and infections with respiratory pathogens. Introducing an anti-NDV vaccine to the conjunctival sac or to the nasal cavity stimulated the production of antigen-specific IgA, which were found in tears and tracheal washings (Jayawardane and Spradbrow 1995, Russel and Ezeifeka 1995, Ganapathy et al 2002. Comparable effects have been achieved in birds infected with M. gallisepticum, in which antigen-specific IgA, IgM and IgY were produced, found in the upper and lower respiratory tract (Yagihashi and Tajima 1986).…”

Section: Basic Functional Dependencies Of Cells Involved In the Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local immunity of the respiratory mucosal system in chickens and turkeys

Smiałek¹,

Tykałowski²,

Stenzel³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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This review article presents fundamental mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity in selected regions of the respiratory tract in healthy birds and in some pathological conditions. The respiratory system, whose mucosa come into direct contact with microorganisms contaminating inhaled air, has some associated structures, such as Harderian gland (HG), conjunctive-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and paranasal glands (PG), whose participation in local mechanisms of the mucosal immunity has been corroborated by numerous scientific studies.The nasal mucosa, with structured clusters of lymphoid tissue (NALT -nasal-associated lymphoid tissue) is the first to come into contact with microorganisms which contaminate inhaled air. Lymphoid nodules, made up of B cells with frequently developed germinal centres (GC), surrounded by a coat of CD4 + cells, are the major NALT structures in chickens, whereas CD8 + cells are situated in the epithelium and in the lamina propria of the nasal cavity mucosa.Studies into respiratory system infections (e.g. Mycoplasma gallisepticum) have shown the reactivity of the tracheal mucosa to infection, despite a lack of essential lymphoid tissue.Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) takes part in bronchial immune processes and its structure, topography and ability to perform defensive function in birds is largely age-dependent. Mature BALT is covered by a delicate layer of epithelial cells, called follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). Germinal centres (GC), surrounded by CD4 + cells are developed in most mature BALT nodules, while CD8 + lymphocytes are dispersed among lymphoid nodules and in the epithelium, and they are rarely present in GC.Macrophages make up the first line of defence mechanisms through which the host rapidly responds to microorganisms and their products in the respiratory mucosal system. Another very important element are polymorphonuclear cells, with heterophils being the most important of them. Phagocytic cells obtained from lung lavages in birds are referred to as FARM (free avian respiratory macrophages). Their number in chickens and turkeys is estimated to be 20 times lower than that in mice and rats, which indicates a deficit in the first-line of defence in the birds' respiratory system.There are numerous B cells and antibody secreting cells (ASC) present throughout the respiratory system in birds. Their role comes down to perform antigen-specific protection by producing antibodies (IgM, IgY or IgA class) as a result of contact with pathogenic factors.

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“…Vaccination using nonvirulent NDV strains protects susceptible birds against disease, producing an antibody response either locally, systemically or both. Several stud-Immune response to NDV vaccines www.bjournal.com.br ies have reported that the mucosal application of attenuated live virus induces both systemic and local immunity, while parenteral immunization with inactivated vaccines generally induces systemic immunity (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locally produced mucosal IgG in chickens immunized with conventional vaccines for Newcastle disease virus

Zoth

Gómez

Carrillo

et al. 2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causative agent of an economically important disease, which affects all species of birds worldwide. Current vaccination programs for NDV include the use of either low-virulent live-virus vaccines or inactivated vaccines to induce protective immunity while producing minimal adverse effects in birds. In order to further characterize the immune response elicited by live virus and inactivated NDV conventional vaccines in chickens, we evaluated the presence of specific antibodies in different secretions and in tissue culture supernatants of immunized birds. To this end, we analyzed all the samples by ELISA, using an indirect assay set up in the laboratory. Specific anti-NDV IgG antibodies were detected in tracheal and cloacal swabs and tracheal and intestinal washes of immunized animals. We also found specific anti-NDV IgG antibodies in tracheal and intestinal tissue culture supernatants, indicating that the IgG found in swabs and washes was not transudated from serum or, at least, was not all transudated from serum. Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the immune response of chickens to different NDV vaccines should increase our understanding of the mucosal response against the virus and, eventually, provide new useful information for the development and evaluation of synthetic vaccines.

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Mucosal immunity in chickens vaccinated with the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

Local immunity of the respiratory mucosal system in chickens and turkeys

Locally produced mucosal IgG in chickens immunized with conventional vaccines for Newcastle disease virus

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