Mucosal immunity: aliment and ailments

Raz, E

doi:10.1038/mi.2009.123

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…They co-exist in a dynamic equilibrium within the gut through continued and active signaling [172]. This symbiotic consortium of microbes starts to develop with the first feeding in the larval phase and possibly reaches a stable composition at the juvenile stage following autogenic and allogenic succession [173,174]. The changes in the composition of the microbiota are very influential during the early stages of fish when intestinal colonization and development of the immune system is taking place.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Probiotic Immune-stimulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The beneficial microbial consortium uses multiple independent signals to interact with the host and co-exist with pathogenic bacteria. It has been suggested that an imbalance of the microbiota, favouring the less-traditional varieties (termed "dysbiosis") could potentially lead to immune-related disadvantages to the host, including the lack of balance between regulatory and effector T cells and the increased differentiation of inflammatory effector immune cells [174]. Microarray analysis of gnotobiotic zebrafish [135] receiving first intestinal bacteria showed transcriptional changes similar to mice and hence pointing to an evolutionarily conserved role of microbiota in vertebrate development.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Probiotic Immune-stimulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Teleost intestinal immunology

Rombout¹,

Abelli²,

Picchietti³

et al. 2011

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

497

284

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Teleosts clearly have a more diffuse gut associated lymphoid system, which is morphological and functional clearly different from the mammalian GALT. All immune cells necessary for a local immune response are abundantly present in the gut mucosa of the species studied and local immune responses can be monitored after intestinal immunization. Fish do not produce IgA, but a special mucosal IgM isotype seems to be secreted and may (partly) be the recently described IgZ/IgT. Fish produce a pIgR in their mucosal tissues but it is smaller (2 ILD) than the 4-5 ILD pIgR of higher vertebrates. Whether teleost pIgR is transcytosed and cleaved off in the same way needs further investigation, especially because a secretory component (SC) is only reported in one species. Teleosts also have high numbers of IEL, most of them are CD3-ɛ+/CD8-α+ and have cytotoxic and/or regulatory function. Possibly many of these cells are TCRγδ cells and they may be involved in the oral tolerance induction observed in fish. Innate immune cells can be observed in the teleost gut from first feeding onwards, but B cells appear much later in mucosal compartments compared to systemic sites. Conspicuous is the very early presence of putative T cells or their precursors in the fish gut, which together with the rag-1 expression of intestinal lymphoid cells may be an indication for an extra-thymic development of certain T cells. Teleosts can develop enteritis in their antigen transporting second gut segment and epithelial cells, IEL and eosinophils/basophils seem to play a crucial role in this intestinal inflammation model. Teleost intestine can be exploited for oral vaccination strategies and probiotic immune stimulation. A variety of encapsulation methods, to protect vaccines against degradation in the foregut, are reported with promising results but in most cases they appear not to be cost effective yet. Microbiota in fish are clearly different from terrestrial animals. In the past decade a fast increasing number of papers is dedicated to the oral administration of a variety of probiotics that can have a strong health beneficial effect, but much more attention has to be paid to the immune mechanisms behind these effects. The recent development of gnotobiotic fish models may be very helpful to study the immune effects of microbiota and probiotics in teleosts.

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Section: Gut Microbiota and Probiotic Immune-stimulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Gut Microbiota and Probiotic Immune-stimulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Teleost intestinal immunology

Rombout¹,

Abelli²,

Picchietti³

et al. 2011

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

497

284

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the gut is highly organized it is also a very heterogenic organ (Bauer, Muller, & Hamm, 2009;Defonseka & Kaunitz, 2009;Erickson & Hubbard, 2009;Raz, 2009). Its immunological system for example is unique in every single part of the gut (Bauer et al, 2009;Erickson & Hubbard, 2009).…”

Section: Targeted Release Is Mandatory For Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Encapsulation for preservation of functionality and targeted delivery of bioactive food components

Vos

Faas²,

Spasojević³

et al. 2010

International Dairy Journal

646

266

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“…Commensals, which maintain a homeostatic condition of the immune responsiveness in humans, once eradicated are replaced by unfriendly microbial species [12]. Therefore, a status of dysbiosis with alteration of gut flora may account for human pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [13,14]. In this framework, an interesting editorial by Bernard Dixon [15] has recently stressed out the possibility of hookworm to modulate human immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial Antigenic Pressure and Evolution of the Immune Response: Toward a Better Understanding of the Human Immune System in Health and Disease and Therapeutic Interventions

Magrone¹,

Jirillo²

2010

EMIDDT

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The continuous antigenic triggering has greatly contributed to the evolution of the immune system and, therefore, animals have developed cells able to cope with a broad variety of microbial antigens and or their toxins, e.g., endotoxins. At the same time, intestinal commensals have evolved along with human progress and introduction of new foods, thus empowering both regional and systemic immune response. In this review, some important steps in the evolution of the immune system will be analyzed such as organization of lymphoid organs, formation of germinal centers, leukocyte attraction to tissue function of Toll like receptors and role of antimicrobial peptides. In particular, the major phylogenetic acquisitions of living organisms in the assessment of the immune machinery will be emphasized. Finally, fish will be taken into consideration as animal models of human diseases also in view of drug design strategies. Special attention will be focused on vaccinated salmon and zebrafish models.

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Mucosal immunity: aliment and ailments

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Teleost intestinal immunology

Teleost intestinal immunology

Encapsulation for preservation of functionality and targeted delivery of bioactive food components

Microbial Antigenic Pressure and Evolution of the Immune Response: Toward a Better Understanding of the Human Immune System in Health and Disease and Therapeutic Interventions

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