Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract

Mettelman, Robert C.; Allen, E. Kaitlynn; Thomas, Paul G.

doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.013

Cited by 89 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 379 publications

(433 reference statements)

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“…Although current vaccines, specifically mRNA vaccines, are highly effective in preventing severe and fatal disease, infection with newly emerging variants is not prevented and typically leads to symptomatic breakthrough infection with considerable virus loads even in triplevaccinated individuals (49). To better control virus transmission and limit symptomatic infection, mucosal immunity at the site of virus entry is thought to be of paramount importance (50)(51)(52)(53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A live attenuated vaccine confers superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants

Nouailles

Adler

Pennitz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Vaccines are a cornerstone in COVID-19 pandemic management. Here, we compare immune responses to and preclinical efficacy of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, an adenovirus-vectored spike vaccine, and the live-attenuated-virus vaccine candidate sCPD9 after single and double vaccination in Syrian hamsters. All regimens containing sCPD9 showed superior efficacy. The robust immunity elicited by sCPD9 was evident in a wide range of immune parameters after challenge with heterologous SARS-CoV-2 including rapid viral clearance, reduced tissue damage, fast differentiation of pre-plasmablasts, strong systemic and mucosal humoral responses, and rapid recall of memory T cells from lung tissue. Our results demonstrate that use of live-attenuated vaccines may offer advantages over available COVID-19 vaccines, specifically when applied as booster, and may provide a solution for containment of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A live attenuated vaccine confers superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants

Nouailles

Adler

Pennitz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Intranasal immunization specifically induces mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tissues [36][37][38][39] . One recent study reported an intranasal Ad-vectored vaccine expressing spike, nucleocapsid, and RdRp antigens that induced complex immunity against SARS-CoV-2 challenge superior to that of intramuscular immunization in a mouse model 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intranasal influenza virus-vectored vaccine blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory tissues of mice and hamsters

Deng

Liu

Tam

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We have developed an intranasal vaccine candidate based on a live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) with a deleted NS1 gene that encodes cell surface expression of the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, designated DelNS1-RBD4N-DAF. Immune responses and protection against virus challenge following intranasal administration of DelNS1-RBD4N-DAF vaccines were analyzed in mice and compared with intramuscular injection of the BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in hamsters. DelNS1-RBD4N-DAF LAIVs induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and hamsters and stimulated robust T cell responses in mice. Notably, vaccination with DelNS1-RBD4N-DAF LAIVs, but not BNT162b2 mRNA, blocked replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron BA.2, in the respiratory tissues of animals. The DelNS1-RBD4N-DAF LAIV system warrants further evaluation in humans for the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and, more significantly, for creating dual function vaccines against both influenza and COVID-19 for use in annual vaccination strategies.

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“…The mucosal immune system is an immune response network composed of mucosal epithelium and secretion, mucosa-related lymphoid tissue, immunocompetent cells, and microflora that are widely distributed in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, and their associated exocrine glands. Mucosal immunity is an immune response in local mucosal tissue induced by pathogens, food antigens, allergens, and other stimuli ( Mettelman et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Cyclic Di-adenosine Monophosphate Triggers Mucosal Immune Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bacterial cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate in the host immune response

Cheng

Jia

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a second messenger which is widely used in signal transduction in bacteria and archaea. c-di-AMP plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial physiological activities, such as the cell cycle, cell wall stability, environmental stress response, and biofilm formation. Moreover, c-di-AMP produced by pathogens can be recognized by host cells for the activation of innate immune responses. It can induce type I interferon (IFN) response in a stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent manner, activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, inflammasome, and host autophagy, and promote the production and secretion of cytokines. In addition, c-di-AMP is capable of triggering a host mucosal immune response as a mucosal adjuvant. Therefore, c-di-AMP is now considered to be a new pathogen-associated molecular pattern in host immunity and has become a promising target in bacterial/viral vaccine and drug research. In this review, we discussed the crosstalk between bacteria and host immunity mediated by c-di-AMP and addressed the role of c-di-AMP as a mucosal adjuvant in boosting evoked immune responses of subunit vaccines. The potential application of c-di-AMP in immunomodulation and immunotherapy was also discussed in this review.

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Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract

Cited by 89 publications

References 379 publications

A live attenuated vaccine confers superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants

A live attenuated vaccine confers superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants

An intranasal influenza virus-vectored vaccine blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory tissues of mice and hamsters

The role of bacterial cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate in the host immune response

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