Mucosal immune responses to capsular pneumococcal polysaccharides in immunized preschool children and controls with similar nasal pneumococcal colonization rates

Zhang, Qibo; Arnaoutakis, Konstantinos; Murdoch, Craig; Lakshman, Raman; Race, Gillian; Burkinshaw, Roger; Finn, Adam

doi:10.1097/00006454-200404000-00006

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These responses were primed by natural exposure to the influenza virus as immunization against influenza is not routine in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, humoral responses to the URT colonizer Streptococcus pneumoniae have previously been detected in the periphery (44) and mucosa (45,46) of children Ͻ5 years of age. Similar to Nl, colonization by S. pneumoniae peaks at 2 years of age (47), suggesting that the mucosal immune system is responsive in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Absence of Mucosal Immunity in the Human Upper Respiratory Tract to the Commensal Bacteria Neisseria lactamica but Not Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis during the Peak Age of Nasopharyngeal Carriage

Vaughan

Gorringe²,

Davenport

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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The normal flora that colonizes the mucosal epithelia has evolved diverse strategies to evade, modulate, or suppress the immune system and avoid clearance. Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria meningitidis are closely related obligate inhabitants of the human upper respiratory tract. N. lactamica is a commensal but N. meningitidis is an opportunistic pathogen that occasionally causes invasive disease such as meningitis and septicemia. We demonstrate that unlike N. meningitidis, N. lactamica does not prime the development of mucosal T or B cell memory during the peak period of colonization. This cannot be explained by the induction of peripheral tolerance or regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cell activity. Instead, N. lactamica mediates a B cell-dependent mitogenic proliferative response that is absent to N. meningitidis. This mitogenic response is associated with the production of T cell-independent polyclonal IgM that we propose functions by shielding colonizing N. lactamica from the adaptive immune system, maintaining immunological ignorance in the host. We conclude that, in contrast to N. meningitidis, N. lactamica maintains a commensal relationship with the host in the absence of an adaptive immune response. This may prolong the period of susceptibility to colonization by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Neisseria species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Absence of Mucosal Immunity in the Human Upper Respiratory Tract to the Commensal Bacteria Neisseria lactamica but Not Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis during the Peak Age of Nasopharyngeal Carriage

Vaughan

Gorringe²,

Davenport

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The pneumococcal strains used in this study included a standard encapsulated type 2 strain (strain D39), isogenic CbpA Ϫ and Ply Ϫ mutant strains, and two carriage strains (types 9v and 14) that were isolated from healthy children previously involved in vaccine studies (40). Pneumococcal concentrated culture supernatant (CCS) was prepared from each strain and concentrated by using previously described methods (41).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Production of Mucosal Antibody to Pneumococcal Protein Antigens by T-Cell-Derived Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-10 in Children

Zhang

Bernatoniene²,

Bagrade

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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“…Recent data from our laboratory show that two to three years after infant vaccination with a seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, salivary IgG antibodies to most serotypes were detectable more frequently than in unvaccinated controls of similar age. 57 This suggests that the conjugate vaccine can induce long lasting salivary IgG responses, although the degree to which re-exposure to nasal carriage is required to maintain these differences is not yet clear. In contrast, detection rates for salivary IgA antibodies to most serotypes were comparable in immunised children and unimmunised controls.…”

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniae Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal immunology of vaccines against pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria

Zhang

Finn²

2004

J Clin Pathol

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The introduction ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b conjugate vaccines during the 1990s was followed by dramatic decreases both in the incidence ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b related invasive disease and in nasopharyngeal carriage of the organism. The extent of this effect has been influenced by the fact thatHaemophilus influenzaetype b conjugate vaccines reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and induce herd immunity. Based on the success ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b conjugate vaccines, chemical conjugation has been applied to the development of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Evidence has begun to accumulate that these new polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines can also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and can induce immune responses at the local mucosal level, which may be responsible for these effects. This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection.

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Mucosal immune responses to capsular pneumococcal polysaccharides in immunized preschool children and controls with similar nasal pneumococcal colonization rates

Abstract: The mucosal anti-capsular IgA responses observed could develop in response to colonization in preschool children, regardless of vaccination status, and contribute to the falling carriage rates observed with increasing age.

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Absence of Mucosal Immunity in the Human Upper Respiratory Tract to the Commensal Bacteria Neisseria lactamica but Not Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis during the Peak Age of Nasopharyngeal Carriage

Absence of Mucosal Immunity in the Human Upper Respiratory Tract to the Commensal Bacteria Neisseria lactamica but Not Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis during the Peak Age of Nasopharyngeal Carriage

Regulation of Production of Mucosal Antibody to Pneumococcal Protein Antigens by T-Cell-Derived Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-10 in Children

Mucosal immunology of vaccines against pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria

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