Mucosal HIV vaccines: A holy grail or a dud?

Azizi, Ali; Ghunaim, Haitham; Díaz‐Mitoma, Francisco; Městecký, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.018

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Following binding to GM1 and internalisation, the A1 subunit of the holotoxin mediates a cascade of intracellular events, culminating in the ADP-ribosylation-mediated increase in the cytoplasmic level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) a feature also associated with osmotic diarrhoea during infection [115]. The adjuvanticity of CT and LT is thought to involve both enhanced permeation of antigens across mucosal epithelial barriers and an increase in antigen presentation and activation of APCs [99,116]. Enhanced M cell targeting is also observed in vaccines adjuvanted with LT and CT [25].…”

Section: Mucosal Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

Davitt

Lavelle

2015

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

131

102

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Section: Mucosal Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

Davitt

Lavelle

2015

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

131

102

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“…Alternatively, the use of tissue-specific adhesion molecules or chemokine-mediated site-specific directed migration of vaccine-stimulated immune cells from mucosal immune inductive sites to peripheral mucosal and systemic effector sites (230, 288) may be useful delivery strategies for HIV vaccines.…”

Section: Experimental Hiv-1 Vaccines Targeting Mucosal Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Potent and Long-Lived Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in the Genitorectal Mucosa Could be the Critical Determinant of HIV Vaccine Efficacy

Chanzu

Ondondo

2014

Front. Immunol.

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The field of HIV prevention has indeed progressed in leaps and bounds, but with major limitations of the current prevention and treatment options, the world remains desperate for an HIV vaccine. Sadly, this continues to be elusive, because more than 30 years since its discovery there is no licensed HIV vaccine. Research aiming to define immunological biomarkers to accurately predict vaccine efficacy have focused mainly on systemic immune responses, and as such, studies defining correlates of protection in the genitorectal mucosa, the primary target site for HIV entry and seeding are sparse. Clearly, difficulties in sampling and analysis of mucosal specimens, as well as their limited size have been a major deterrent in characterizing the type (mucosal antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, or CTL), threshold (magnitude, depth, and breadth) and viral inhibitory capacity of HIV-1-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa, where they are needed to immediately block HIV acquisition and arrest subsequent virus dissemination. Nevertheless, a few studies document the existence of HIV-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa of HIV-infected aviremic and viremic controllers, as well as in highly exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals with natural resistance to HIV-1. Some of these responses strongly correlate with protection from HIV acquisition and/or disease progression, thus providing significant clues of the ideal components of an efficacious HIV vaccine. In this study, we provide an overview of the key features of protective immune responses found in HEPS, elite and viremic controllers, and discuss how these can be achieved through mucosal immunization. Inevitably, HIV vaccine development research will have to consider strategies that elicit potent antibody and cellular immune responses within the genitorectal mucosa or induction of systemic immune cells with an inherent potential to home and persist at mucosal sites of HIV entry.

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“…In the gut, gamma-delta1 T cells are important players in maintaining mucosal homeostasis, and represent about 50% of the intrepeithelial lymphocytes and 10% of the lamina propria lymphocytes (reviewed by [69]). In HIV-infected patients, high levels of immune activation, as measured by elevated levels of B2-microglobulins and neoprepin, inversely correlated with duodenal gamma-delta intraepithelial lymphocytes, suggesting a role for these cells in limiting the immune activation in patients [70].…”

Section: The Gastro-intestinal Lymphoid Tissue (Galt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immune Regulation: Does it Help Thwart HIV?

Lajoie¹

2013

J Clin Cell Immunol

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Mucosal HIV vaccines: A holy grail or a dud?

Cited by 33 publications

References 186 publications

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

Induction of Potent and Long-Lived Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in the Genitorectal Mucosa Could be the Critical Determinant of HIV Vaccine Efficacy

Mucosal Immune Regulation: Does it Help Thwart HIV?

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