“…These studies showed that immune responses could be generated against antigens from various sources, including bacterial antigens from L. monocytogenes (Darji et al, 2000), Chlamydia trachomatis (Brunham and Zhang, 1999), Clostridium tetani (Pasetti et al, 1999;Anderson et al, 2000) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mollenkopf et al, 2001); viral antigens from HSV (Flo et al, 2001;Elias and Flo, 2002), HBV (Woo et al, 2001), HCV (Wedemeyer et al, 2001), HIV Devico et al, 2002;Vecino et al, 2002;Xu et al, 2003), and measles virus (Fennelly et al, 1999), and tumor specific antigens from fibrosarcoma (Paglia et al, 1998), renal carcinoma , melanoma Niethammer et al, 2001b;Weth et al, 2001;Cochlovius et al, 2002), neuroblastoma Pertl et al, 2003), colon (Xiang et al, 2001a,b) and lung adenocarcinoma ; and a parasite antigen from Penicillium marneffi (Wong et al, 2002). Immunizations were typically administrated orally with S. typhimurium and intranasally with Shigella, and the immune responses could be detected at both mucosal and systemic sites.…”