Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines: Risks, benefits and control of the pandemic

Miteva, Dimitrina; Peshevska-Sekulovska, Monika; Snegarova, Violeta; Batselova, Hristiana; Alexandrova, Radostina; Velikova, Tsvetelina

doi:10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.221

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Furthermore, we achieved sterilizing immunity for ∆E G 68 in Syrian hamsters, a characteristic that is fundamental to preventing viral spread in humans and that has not been achieved in other vaccine candidates so far (Jung et al, 2022;Martinez-Baz et al, 2023). This might be due to enhanced local immunity after nasal application, which prevents viral shedding (Miteva et al, 2022). Interestingly, we observed transmission of high dose ΔE G 68 vaccine to one of six contact animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits high protection and sterilizing immunity in hamsters

Lett

Otte

Hauser

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vaccines have been central in ending the COVID-19 pandemic, but newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants increasingly escape first-generation vaccine protection. To fill this gap, live particle-based vaccines mimicking natural infection aim at protecting against a broader spectrum of virus variants. We designed "single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 viruses" (SCVs) that lack essential viral genes, possess superior immune-modulatory features and provide an excellent safety profile in the Syrian hamster model. Full protection of all intranasally vaccinated animals was achieved against an autologous challenge with SARS-CoV-2 virus using an Envelope-gene-deleted vaccine candidate. By deleting key immune-downregulating genes, sterilizing immunity was achieved with an advanced candidate without virus spread to contact animals. Hence, SCVs have the potential to induce a broad and durable protection against COVID-19 superior to a natural infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits high protection and sterilizing immunity in hamsters

Lett

Otte

Hauser

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Although faecal IgA levels were not measured, which attributes to the activation of the mucosal immune response 10,11 , the increased level of RBD-speci c serum NAbs indicated the activation of the systemic immune system through the gastrointestinal mucosal tissues in mice. Contrasting results compared to Pogrebnyak et al 20 could be due to differences in source, size, sequence, quantity, and oral force-feeding protocol used in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Presently, most commercial vaccines are parenteral and administered intramuscularly, inducing only systemic immunity [6][7][8][9] . However, for air droplet-spreading SARS-CoV-2, parenteral vaccines are less effective for the protection of viral transmission 10,11 , enabling its successful replication in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. Because of ineffective primary-entrance cell viral neutralisation by circulating IgG (NAbs), there is a risk of developing and spreading new SARAS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, mucosal vaccines, including plant-based edible types, activate both mucosal and systemic immune responses that provide adequate and long-term protection against viral transmission, disease progression, and antiviral prophylaxis 10,11 . They also offer an opportunity for targeted folding and posttranslational modi cations of antigenic proteins with the desired properties 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The edible tomato COVID-19 vaccine, TOMAVAC, induces neutralising IgGs

Abdurakhmonov

Buriev

Shermatov

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plant-based edible vaccines that provide two-layered protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outweigh the currently used parenteral type of vaccines, predominantly causing a systemic immune response. Here we engineered and selected the transgenic tomato genotype (TOMOVAC), stably synthesising an antigenic S1 protein of SARS-COV-2. Two-course spaced force-feeding of mice with ≈5.4 µg/ml TOMAVAC increased up to 16-fold synthesis of RBD-specific NAbs in blood serums. TOMAVAC-induced NAbs had 15-25% viral neutralising activity in a surrogate virus neutralisation test. Results suggested early evidence of immunogenicity and protectivity of TOMAVAC against COVID-19 infection. Further, we observed a positive trend of statistically significant 1.2-fold (average of +42.28 BAU/ml) weekly increase in NAbs in the volunteers’ serum relative to the initial day. No severe side effects were observed, supporting the safety of TOMAVAC. TOMAVAC should be a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and widely-applicable novel-generation COVID-19 vaccine, providing two-layered protection against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Furthermore, we achieved sterilizing immunity for ∆E G 68 in Syrian hamsters, a characteristic that is fundamental to preventing viral spread in humans and that has not been achieved in other vaccine candidates so far 31,32 . This might be due to enhanced local immunity after nasal application, which prevents viral shedding 33 , demonstrated by a more profound immune response with ΔE G 68 virus compared to wild-type infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits high protection and sterilizing immunity in hamsters

Klimkait,

Lett,

Otte

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaccines have been central in ending the COVID-19 pandemic, but newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants increasingly escape first-generation vaccine protection. To fill this gap, live particle-based vaccines mimicking natural infection aim at protecting against a broader spectrum of virus variants. We designed “single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 viruses” (SCVs) that lack essential viral genes, possess superior immune-modulatory features and provide an excellent safety profile in the Syrian hamster model. All intranasally vaccinated animals were fully protected against an autologous challenge with SARS-CoV-2 virus using an Envelope-gene-deleted vaccine candidate. By deleting key immune-downregulating genes, sterilizing immunity was achieved with an advanced candidate without virus spread to contact animals. Furthermore, vaccinated animals were protected from SARS-CoV-2 characteristic tissue inflammation and lung damage. Hence, SCVs have the potential to induce broad and durable protection against COVID-19 superior to a natural infection.

show abstract

Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines: Risks, benefits and control of the pandemic

Cited by 21 publications

References 111 publications

Single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits high protection and sterilizing immunity in hamsters

Single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits high protection and sterilizing immunity in hamsters

The edible tomato COVID-19 vaccine, TOMAVAC, induces neutralising IgGs

Single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits high protection and sterilizing immunity in hamsters

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