Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells as a Possible Target to Suppress Secondary Infections at COVID-19

Akasov, Roman; Khaydukov, E. V.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01896

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our data present the transcriptomic profiling of peripheral MAIT cells in patients with COVID-19, which might provide hints to the cause of the loss of MAIT cells. First, the cell chemotaxis level in peripheral MAIT cells was observed to be the highest in patients with severe disease, suggesting the increased migration of MAIT cells, which might be consistent with other studies revealing that the enrichment of MAIT cells in airways may lead to an marked decrease of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 (25,26,33). Second, the increased cell death of MAIT cells because of enhanced apoptosis might also contribute to the decline of peripheral MAIT cells in patients with severe COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These findings hinted that MAIT cells are involved in the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and are possibly engaged in COVID-19 immune damage, even pulmonary fibrosis (32). As such, investigating the precise transcriptomic profiling of MAIT cells, as well as their relationships with disease severity in patients with COVID-19, is of great importance to understanding COVID-19 progression and to develop effective therapy (33). To address this issue, in the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of MAIT cells in patients with COVID-19 at single-cell resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19

et al. 2021

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BackgroundMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are considered to participate of the host immune response against acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, single-cell transcriptomic profiling of MAIT cells in patients with COVID-19 remains unexplored.MethodsWe performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses on peripheral MAIT cells from 13 patients with COVID-19 and 5 healthy donors. The transcriptional profiles of MAIT cells, together with assembled T-cell receptor sequences, were analyzed. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed to investigate the properties of MAIT cells.ResultsWe identified that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MAIT cells were involved in myeloid leukocyte activation and lymphocyte activation in patients with COVID-19. In addition, in MAIT cells from severe cases, more DEGs were enriched in adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses compared with those in moderate cases. Further analysis indicated that the increase of cell cytotoxicity (killing), chemotaxis, and apoptosis levels in MAIT cells were consistent with disease severity and displayed the highest levels in patients with severe disease. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis showed that the frequencies of pyroptotic MAIT cells, but not the frequencies of apoptotic MAIT cells, were increased significantly in patients with COVID-19, suggesting pyroptosis is one of leading causes of MAIT cell deaths during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, there were more clonal expansions of MAIT cells in severe cases than in moderate cases.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that MAIT cells are likely to be involved in the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Simultaneously, the transcriptomic data from MAIT cells provides a deeper understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…MAIT cells possess powerful effector and regulatory functions and should be considered in prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Comprehensive clinical investigations using large cohorts and mechanistic studies in relevant animal models will be worthwhile to address a presumptive link between MAIT cell functions and COVID-19 manifestations [ 70 ].…”

Section: Other Strategic Players Involved In the Pathophysiology Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between inflammatory pathways and COVID-19: A critical review on pathogenesis and therapeutic options

Choudhary

Sharma

Silakari

2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

140

117

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COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as the deadliest outbreak that has now become a serious health issue to mankind. Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine storm are crucial factors that lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients. Excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leads to the dysregulation of the innate immune system. The cytokine storm attracts many inflammatory cells that infiltrate into the lung tissues and ultimately cause immune damage. In addition to the dysregulation of the immune system, dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) due to the downregulation of ACE2 is also associated with the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Both the mechanisms are directly or indirectly associated with cytokine storm that promotes vascular hyperpermeability, vascular edema leading to hypercoagulation and hence multiorgan damage. As of now, there is no specific treatment available for COVID-19, but scientists have purposed several treatment options including cytokine inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, immunomodulators, plasma therapy, etc. In this article, we provide the detailed mechanism of occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory storm and its connection with the pre-existing inflammatory conditions. Possible treatment options to cope up with the severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are also discussed.

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“…Several reports have highlighted the potential role of nutrients in the modulation of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 or a direct anti-viral and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties[ 50 - 53 ]. During this pandemic, nutritional aspects such as obesity[ 7 , 54 ], malnutrition[ 55 ], and micronutrient deficiency[ 56 , 57 ] have been postulated as risk factors for severe COVID-19.…”

Section: Nutritional Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease–2019 and the intestinal tract: An overview

Alberca

Solis-Castro

et al. 2021

WJG

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respiratory discomfort. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal infections have been reported, with symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 can remain positive in fecal samples after nasopharyngeal clearance. After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral gastrointestinal infections, some patients may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, some COVID-19 patients may receive antibiotics, which may also disturb gastrointestinal homeostasis. In summary, the gastrointestinal system, gut microbiome, and gut-lung axis may represent an important role in the development, severity, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we explore the current pieces of evidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations, possible implications, and interventions.

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Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells as a Possible Target to Suppress Secondary Infections at COVID-19

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19

The interplay between inflammatory pathways and COVID-19: A critical review on pathogenesis and therapeutic options

Coronavirus disease–2019 and the intestinal tract: An overview

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