Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues

Kuper, C. Frieke; Wijnands, Marcel V. W.; Zander, Serge A.L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47385-7_4

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Memory and effector cells are generated antigen-primed B, and T cells are activated for mucosal immunity. 8 Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is referred to MALT within the gastrointestinal tract. The lymphoid tissue of this organ is present in the gastrointestinal tract as diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate or large nonencapsulated aggregations, such as Peyer's patches.…”

Section: Mucosa-related Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has an essential role in determining the antigens' nature as either harmful (pathogens) or harmless (e.g., food and commensal organism). 8 The immune system of the intestinal mucosa works in co-adjuvant to the respiratory, immune system. Exposure of the respiratory tract immune system to inhaled antigens should further segregate the bacteria into commensal or potentially catastrophic ones.…”

Section: Mucosa-related Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Lung and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Take a Broader Perspective

Mustika

Effendi

2022

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Chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are often found with gastrointestinal symptoms or even gastrointestinal diseases as one of its comorbid. Vice versa, many cases of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have developed respiratory dysfunction later. The connection between these two systems has become interesting lately and has led to several studies to prove the association. Several theories have emerged to explain this association. This includes changes in microbiota, the mucosa-related immune system of both systems, side effects of the therapeutic given, and pathomechanism related to gastrointestinal diseases such as GERD. Many studies try to prove the connection between the microbiota in the respiratory and gastrointestinal system, and changing the abundance in one of the systems can affect another. Both of the systems also have a similar mucosal membrane in their lining. Those membranes have an immune defence called Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). Lymphatic and circulatory systems facilitate the migration between two mucosal, and these interconnections influence each other. Although the side effect of the therapeutic agent in respiratory diseases (such as inhaled corticosteroid, beta-2 agonist, or anti-cholinergic) is thought to be one of the causative mechanisms, discontinuation of therapy is the second option. Probiotic supplementation to improve microbiota is still not a strong recommendation for management.

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Section: Mucosa-related Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mucosa-related Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Lung and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Take a Broader Perspective

Mustika

Effendi

2022

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“…The compartments of MALT are outlined in Table 6. 140 In general, MALT is structured like lymph nodes, but MALT lacks afferent lymphatics. Instead, its epithelium (follicle-associated epithelium or FAE) and associated dendritic cells serve as porte d’entrée of antigens.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Hematolymphoid System

Willard-Mack

Elmore

Hall³

et al. 2019

Toxicol Pathol

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The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative changes in rats and mice. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying changes observed in the hematolymphoid organs, including the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and other lymphoid tissues (serosa-associated lymphoid clusters and tertiary lymphoid structures) with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. The nomenclature for these organs is divided into 3 terminologies: descriptive, conventional, and enhanced. Three terms are listed for each diagnosis. The rationale for this approach and guidance for its application to toxicologic pathology are described in detail below.

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“…B cells can expand and show immunoglobulin A (IgA) class switching and release secretory IgA (SIgA), and T cells are activated in the face of antigen exposure. 4,5 B-lymphocyte activation by antigens or vaccination in one site of MALT can extend systemically, resulting in SIgA in distant MALT, but MALT can also act independent of the systemic immune response. 6 Immunocompetent cells in MALT may also be lost during local and systemic therapeutic immunomodulation and chemical exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,8 –10 Recent reviews should be consulted for additional details on morphology, immunophenotyping, and functional activity of MALT. 5,6,11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures of the Eye and Ear in Laboratory Animals

Schuh¹

2020

Toxicol Pathol

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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of special senses is poorly described and can be confused with nonspecific mononuclear cell infiltrates and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). In the eye, MALT consists mostly of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT). In humans, CALT and LDALT are important components of the normal eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT), but EALT is less frequently described in ocular tissues of animals. The EALT are acquired postnatally in preferential mucosal sites, expand with antigenic exposure, form well-developed lymphoid follicles, and are reported to senesce. Lymphoid follicles that are induced concurrently with chronic inflammation are more appropriately considered TLS but must be differentiated from inflammation in MALT. Less understood is the etiology for formation of lymphoid tissue aggregates in the ciliary body, limbus, or choroid of healthy eyes in animals and humans. In the healthy eustachian tube and middle ear of animals and humans, MALT may be present but is infrequently described. Concurrent with otitis media, lymphoid follicles in the eustachian tube are probably expanded MALT, but lymphoid follicles in the middle ear may be TLS. The purpose of this comparative review is to familiarize toxicologic pathologists with MALT in the special senses and to provide considerations for differentiating and reporting eye and ear MALT from immune or inflammatory cell infiltrates or inflammation in nonclinical studies, and the circumstances for reporting TLS in compartments of the eye and ear.

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Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues

Cited by 8 publications

References 133 publications

Chronic Lung and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Take a Broader Perspective

Chronic Lung and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Take a Broader Perspective

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Hematolymphoid System

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures of the Eye and Ear in Laboratory Animals

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