Mucormycosis of the head and neck: Report of five cases with different presentations

A meta‐analysis of survival factors in rhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis—has anything changed in the past 20 years?

“…In total, 210 case reports were identified from the literature search and reviewed, of which 175 contained sufficient clinical data to be analysed. These were derived from a total of 140 papers (some papers contained multiple case reports) . Larger case series were usually excluded due to a lack of chronological data (refer to Figure for PRISMA flow diagram).…”

Mucormycosis – An opportunistic infection in the aged immunocompromised individual: A reason for concern in COVID-19

“…Even with quick diagnosis, treatment of underlying conditions, and vigorous medical and surgical interventions, therapy is frequently non-effective, resulting in spread and eventual death [7]. There are several hypotheses as to what else may contribute to mucormycosis infections.…”

Rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review

“…Other therapeutic treatments were broad-spectrum antibiotics,[ 31 ] tocilizumab,[ 20 ] vessopressor,[ 31 ] ionotropic agent, and IV dexamethasone. [ 16 22 ] Mechanical debridement was done in 70.9% ROCM patients[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ] and orbital decompression was done in 10% cases in a single study[ 20 ] while exenteration was required in 21.2% patients (10 studies, proportion 0.212, 95% confidence interval: 0.092–0.333. [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ]…”

“…The diagnosis is based on early clinical suspicion, computational tomography of paranasal sinus, orbit and brain, and preliminary microbiological investigation (potassium hydroxide [KOH] mount/calcofluor white stain) (first investigation) which is followed by definitive investigation such as contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)/gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reserved for suspected intracranial spread and microbiological culture or biopsy. [ 12 ] In the era of COVID-19 related mucormycosis, empirical start of intravenous (IV) liposomal Amphotericin B with surgical debridement of nose and paranasal sinus to reduce infective tissue and better penetration of antifungal is commonly practiced as treatment modality (once mucormycosis is confirmed) with the aim of increasing survival. In refractory cases or patient intolerant to amphotericin B, posaconazole is considered as alternative or add-on therapy and to increase bioavailability of the drug intraorbital amphotericin B is also have been tried with varied result.…”