Mucormycosis and entomophthoromyc osis

Ader, Patricia; Dodd, Jane

doi:10.1007/bf00441088

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…More recently, Conidiobolus lamprauges was also reported, first in several Brazilian sheep (19) and later in a human with systemic infection in Japan (50). In the following years, numerous cases involving B. ranarum and Conidiobolus species were reported, including numerous reviews (1,(31)(32)(33)(34)(51)(52)(53).…”

Section: Human-infecting Entomophthorales: Historical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5) (see Pathophysiology, below). As mentioned above, the anatomical areas commonly affected by Conidiobolus species include the face (nostrils) and, less frequently, other body areas, including systemic infections (1,32,35) (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Conidiobolus Species Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is the case for other fungal pathogens, it is likely that entomophthoralean fungi cannot penetrate intact skin of a potential host (1,12,33,146). They need a traumatic lesion on the host's skin to attach their conidia and for the formation of a germ tube to penetrate the infected tissue using lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M ost of what we know about the described species comprising the Entomophthorales comes from studies done in the last 150 years (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). These studies initially focused on the biology of some species known for their ability to multiply their propagules inside insects, resulting in the death of the affected species (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Pathogenic Entomophthorales

Vilela

Mendoza

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARYThe pathogenic entomophthoralean fungi cause infection in insects and mammalian hosts. and species can be found in soil and insect, reptile, and amphibian droppings in tropical and subtropical areas. The life cycles of these fungi occur in these environments where infecting sticky conidia are developed. The infection is acquired by insect bite or contact with contaminated environments through open skin. typically causes chronic rhinofacial disease in immunocompetent hosts, whereas some species can be found in immunocompromised patients. infection is restricted to subcutaneous tissues but may be involved in intestinal and disseminated infections. Its early diagnosis remains challenging due to clinical similarities to other intestinal diseases. Infected tissues characteristically display eosinophilic granulomas with the Splendore-Höeppli phenomenon. However, in immunocompromised patients, the above-mentioned inflammatory reaction is absent. Laboratory diagnosis includes wet mount, culture serological assays, and molecular methodologies. The management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide (KI), amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, and surgery. These species are intrinsically resistant to some antifungals, prompting physicians to experiment with combinations of therapies. Research is needed to investigate the immunology of entomophthoralean fungi in infected hosts. The absence of an animal model and lack of funding severely limit research on these fungi.

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Section: Human-infecting Entomophthorales: Historical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conidiobolus Species Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Pathogenic Entomophthorales

Vilela

Mendoza

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…The fungus may be detected in the proximal lymph nodes (18). These relatively uncommon infections have been reported from many tropical and subtropical regions, but seem to be most frequent in Africa and India (1,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Equine zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges

1989

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A 15-year-old Arabian mare from southern Louisiana with a 2-month history of periodic epistaxis and severe weight loss had a large, fibrosing, granulomatous mass containing numerous nodules ("kunkers") projecting dorsally into the nasopharynx, and was euthanized at the owner's request. In addition to these kunkers, the mass contained a single trematode tentatively identified as Fasciola hepatica. Several kunkers were removed, washed thoroughly in sterile water and embedded in nutrient agars; the fungus that grew out of them was identified as Conidiobolus lamprauges Drechsler (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae). This is the first report of C. lamprauges from any vertebrate mycosis, and only the third Conidiobolus species reported from vertebrates. Unlike many other entomophthoraleans, the fungus isolated from this mycosis grew well at 37°C. The possible means by which Conidiobolus species may infect vertebrates is discussed. These mycoses probably result most often from chronic exposure during sleep to conidia discharged from fungal growth on decaying plant material in the bedding.

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