Mucormycosis: A new threat to Coronavirus disease 2019 with special emphasis on India

Ghosh, Deganta; Dey, Sagardeep; Chakraborty, Himanko; Mukherjee, Sneha; Halder, Ankita; Sarkar, Asit R.; Chakraborty, Pallab; Ghosh, Rajdeep; Sarkar, Joy

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101013

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…Out of all of the reported mucormycosis diseases (black fungus), India accounted for 42.3%, then the United States (16.9%), followed by Iraq, Bangladesh, Iran, and Paraguay, with one case each from Brazil, Mexico, Italy, the United Kingdom, China, France, Uruguay, Turkey, and Austria [34]. In the reported data total, 102 mucormycosis patients linked to COVID-19 have been documented from India.…”

Section: Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Indoor Bioaerosols (Fungal) Exposure on the Health of Post-COVID-19 Patients and Possible Mitigation Strategies

Vishwakarma

Shahi

Singh

2022

COVID

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Bioaerosols are present everywhere around us, either on surfaces or in the air. Depending on their nature, these bioaerosols have positive or negative impacts on our bodies. Our immune system always creates a balance in our health system in response to these bioaerosols. If our body’s immune system is compromised for a while, it could have many severe health complications. A good example is in patients who recovered from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. During treatment, many drugs like dexamethasone, tocilizumob, itolizumab, and steroids were extensively used that suppressed the immune system, resulting in many fungal infections. In this review, we summarise the various studies carried out throughout the globe regarding fungal infection, including Mucormycetes (black fungus), Candida spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, and pneumocystis jirovecii. The patient disease history and treatment details were also examined so as to develop the risk of mortality. Populations with other pre-existing diseases such as diabetes and asthma are more vulnerable to infection. These infections spread at a very high rate and have a high risk of mortality in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Earnest attention is needed regarding the treatment procedure of COVID-19 patients and for the follow-up of recovered patients. Here, we suggest some treatment methods that will help prevent infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 or in immunosuppressed bodies.

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Section: Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Indoor Bioaerosols (Fungal) Exposure on the Health of Post-COVID-19 Patients and Possible Mitigation Strategies

Vishwakarma

Shahi

Singh

2022

COVID

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“…and can be used as empirical therapy for situations where a fungal infection is suspected in patients with febrile neutropenia [ 401 ]. Additionally, lipid AmBs have extended their use to other pathogens such as leishmaniasis [ 402 ] and mucormycosis [ 403 ]. Among some of the other advantages of lipid formulations is the expanded therapeutic index of AmB, its LD 50 is 5 times higher than AmB deoxycholate, which allows the dose to be increased without increasing its toxic effects [ 404 ], thus raising the safety margin.…”

Section: Clinical Use Of Polyenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyene Antibiotics Physical Chemistry and Their Effect on Lipid Membranes; Impacting Biological Processes and Medical Applications

et al. 2022

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This review examined a collection of studies regarding the molecular properties of some polyene antibiotic molecules as well as their properties in solution and in particular environmental conditions. We also looked into the proposed mechanism of action of polyenes, where membrane properties play a crucial role. Given the interest in polyene antibiotics as therapeutic agents, we looked into alternative ways of reducing their collateral toxicity, including semi-synthesis of derivatives and new formulations. We follow with studies on the role of membrane structure and, finally, recent developments regarding the most important clinical applications of these compounds.

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“…However, COVID-19 may also cause diabetic ketoacidosis. Under the acidic conditions of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (pH 4), this iron-binding ability reduces due to glycosylation of iron sequestering proteins, and so iron is no longer bound and utilized by the fungus for its disease pathogenesis [35].…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Treatment Options for COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: Present Status and Future Perspectives

Madhavan

Sai

Shanmugam

et al. 2022

JCM

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Mucormycosis has become increasingly associated with COVID-19, leading to the use of the term “COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM)”. Treatment of CAM is challenging due to factors such as resistance to many antifungals and underlying co-morbidities. India is particularly at risk for this disease due to the large number of patients with COVID-19 carrying comorbidities that predispose them to the development of mucormycosis. Additionally, mucormycosis treatment is complicated due to the atypical symptoms and delayed presentation after the resolution of COVID-19. Since this disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, early identification and diagnosis are desirable to initiate a suitable combination of therapies and control the disease. At present, the first-line treatment involves Amphotericin B and surgical debridement. To overcome limitations associated with surgery (invasive, multiple procedures required) and amphotericin B (toxicity, extended duration and limited clinical success), additional therapies can be utilized as adjuncts or alternatives to reduce treatment duration and improve prognosis. This review discusses the challenges associated with treating CAM and the critical aspects for controlling this invasive fungal infection—early diagnosis and initiation of therapy, reversal of risk factors, and adoption of a multipronged treatment strategy. It also details the various therapeutic options (in vitro, in vivo and human case reports) that have been used for the treatment of CAM.

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Mucormycosis: A new threat to Coronavirus disease 2019 with special emphasis on India

Cited by 14 publications

References 144 publications

Effect of Indoor Bioaerosols (Fungal) Exposure on the Health of Post-COVID-19 Patients and Possible Mitigation Strategies

Effect of Indoor Bioaerosols (Fungal) Exposure on the Health of Post-COVID-19 Patients and Possible Mitigation Strategies

Polyene Antibiotics Physical Chemistry and Their Effect on Lipid Membranes; Impacting Biological Processes and Medical Applications

Current Treatment Options for COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: Present Status and Future Perspectives

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