“…HA has been successfully deposited on metallic substrates by different techniques, such as biomimetic deposition, 84 CoBlast, 248 electrochemical deposition, 84 electrophoretic deposition, 249 hot isostatic pressing, 84 hydrothermal, 250 ion-beam sputtering, 239 ion beam dynamic mixing, 238 pulsed laser deposition, 84 sol-gel dip coating, 84 and thermal spray techniques such as plasma spray (atmospheric plasma spraying, vacuum plasma spraying, suspension plasma spraying, liquid plasma spraying (LPS), and others), 61,66,82,106,209,251,252 flame spraying, 251 high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray, 253,254 and cold spray. 255 The thermal spray technique offers an enhanced deposition rate, mechanical strength, reproducible and reliable results as compared to other techniques.…”