Mucormycosi (Black Fungus): A Review

Abstract

Mucormycosis is a new angioinvasive infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungus of the Mucorales order of the Zygomycete class. Mucormycosis has emerged as the third most prevalent invasive mycosis in patients undergoing hematological and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, following candidiasis and aspergillosis. Sporangiospores must be inhaled on a daily basis. Members of the Mucorales are very infrequent in nasal mucus, indicating that spores in airway mucus are removed via mucociliary transport or that there is a minimal degree of airborne contamination.

Bioactive surface modifications through thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite composite coatings: a review of selective reinforcements

“…HA has been successfully deposited on metallic substrates by different techniques, such as biomimetic deposition, 84 CoBlast, 248 electrochemical deposition, 84 electrophoretic deposition, 249 hot isostatic pressing, 84 hydrothermal, 250 ion-beam sputtering, 239 ion beam dynamic mixing, 238 pulsed laser deposition, 84 sol-gel dip coating, 84 and thermal spray techniques such as plasma spray (atmospheric plasma spraying, vacuum plasma spraying, suspension plasma spraying, liquid plasma spraying (LPS), and others), 61,66,82,106,209,251,252 flame spraying, 251 high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray, 253,254 and cold spray. 255 The thermal spray technique offers an enhanced deposition rate, mechanical strength, reproducible and reliable results as compared to other techniques.…”

“…SiO 2 addition enhanced corrosion resistance by lowering the porosity of the coating. J. Singh et al 106 plasma-sprayed calcium silicate (CS)/HA composite coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM F136) substrate. The composite powder synthesis is shown in eqn (23).…”

“…The composite powder synthesis is shown in eqn (23). 106 Silicon and its derivative-incorporated HA coatings have poor structural integrity, decreased cell proliferation activity, low crystallinity, which encouraged researchers 39,107,192,372 to use other substituents along with silica and its derivates for improving the HA composite coating properties.…”

Post-COVID-19 Rhino-Orbito-Maxillary Mucormycosis Defect: Our Surgical Experience with Single Stage Delayed Reconstruction Using Free Flap

“…The effect of the second wave of COVID-19 was immense in India, specifically in the form of the vicious COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, 1 which was commonly referred to as the “black fungus.” 2 Of the total number of mucormycosis cases reported till June 2021, 86% of the cases had a history of COVID-19 infection, and a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 62% of patients. 3 Generally, a higher number of radical debridement are required for disease control in combination with antifungal drugs in cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.…”

Adsorption of CO2 on Activated Carbon, Fe‐Based Metal Organic Framework, ZnO, and CaO for Carbon Capture and Storage Application

“…While these energy sources can meet the needs to a significant extent, they also come with a number of drawbacks. All of the aforementioned fuels are hydrocarbons and when burned, they predominantly emit CO 2 1. It is a fairly simple fact that CO 2 is one of the air elements that is responsible for global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) releases.…”