Mucociliary Respiratory Epithelium Integrity in Molecular Defense and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Viral Infections

Adivitiya,; Kaushik, Manish Singh; Chakraborty, Soura; Veleri, Shobi; Kateriya, Suneel

doi:10.3390/biology10020095

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 324 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…SARS-CoV-2 infection is mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)–containing respiratory epithelial cells, including in the airways and lungs. Infection subsequently leads to transient loss of ciliary motility from the trachea and inhibition of mucociliary clearance, an innate defense against airway pathogens [ 24 ]. Cellular entry and viral replication result in activation of the inflammasome and ignition of the inflammatory cascade.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Invasive Fungal Infection

Baddley

Thompson

Chen

et al. 2021

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can become complicated by secondary invasive fungal infections (IFIs), stemming primarily from severe lung damage and immunologic deficits associated with the virus or immunomodulatory therapy. Other risk factors include poorly controlled diabetes, structural lung disease and/or other comorbidities, and fungal colonization. Opportunistic IFI following severe respiratory viral illness has been increasingly recognized, most notably with severe influenza. There have been many reports of fungal infections associated with COVID-19, initially predominated by pulmonary aspergillosis, but with recent emergence of mucormycosis, candidiasis, and endemic mycoses. These infections can be challenging to diagnose and are associated with poor outcomes. The reported incidence of IFI has varied, often related to heterogeneity in patient populations, surveillance protocols, and definitions used for classification of fungal infections. Herein, we review IFI complicating COVID-19 and address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19–associated fungal infections.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Invasive Fungal Infection

Baddley

Thompson

Chen

et al. 2021

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Targeted by the bacteria, viruses, or fungi, the impaired cilia disrupted the mucociliary clearance and worsened the infection [ 32 ]. At the COVID-19 infection onset, ciliated cells were the major target [ 33 ], resulting in the cilia shrinking, cilia loss, and ciliary beating reduction [ 34 , 35 ]. In our study, the RC decoction might improve the cilia movement and assembly, promoting the pathogens clearance and alleviating the lung injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renshen Chishao Decoction Could Ameliorate the Acute Lung Injury but Could Not Reduce the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation

Yao

Huang

Dong

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The acute lung injury (ALI) causes severe pulmonary diseases, leading to a high mortality rate. The Renshen and Chishao have protective and anti-inflammatory effects against the ALI. To explore the protective effects of the Renshen Chishao (RC) decoction against the ALI, we established the lipopolysaccharide-indued ALI model and randomly divided the mice into seven groups: control group, ALI group, high-dose RC group, middle-dose RC group, low-dose RC group, middle-dose RC group + CXCR2 antagonist group, and ALI + CXCR2 antagonist group. We estimated the lung injury by the hematoxylin and eosin staining, the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formations by the immunofluorescence colocalization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the CXCR2/CXCL2 pathway by the flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conducted the high-throughput sequencing and enrichment analyses to explore the potential mechanisms. The results showed that the RC decoction pathologically ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and inflammatory response but failed to reduce the circulating and lung tissue NETs formation and the blood neutrophil percent. The high-dose RC decoction increased the plasma CXCL2 level, but the RC decoction had no effects on the neutrophilic CXCR2 levels. Under the inhibition of the CXCR2, the middle-dose RC decoction still decreased the lung injury score but as yet had unobvious influence on the NETs formation. Other potential mechanisms of the RC decoction against the ALI involved the pathways of ribosome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the target genes of inflammatory factors, such as Ccl17, Cxcl17, Cd163, Cxcr5, and Il31ra, and lncRNAs; and the regulations of the respiratory cilia. In conclusion, the RC decoction pathologically ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammatory injury via upregulating the CXCL2/CXCR2 pathway but could not reduce the circulating or lung tissue NETs formation.

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“…The patient believed his chronic allergies may have predisposed him to frequent upper respiratory infections in the few years leading to his hospitalization with pericarditis. Inflammation of the respiratory epithelia impedes mucociliary function and increases the risk of infection [ 28 ]. There have been reports in the literature linking pericarditis to antecedent upper respiratory tract infections [ 29 - 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Type B Complicates a Previously Undiagnosed Case of Pericarditis

Ivaturi¹,

Tsukhai²,

Hassan³

2022

Cureus

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We report the first case of pericarditis exacerbation due to influenza B viral infection while emphasizing the importance of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for the timely diagnosis and ruling out of non-effusive pericarditis in a patient with compatible, unexplained chest pain. The patient presented with left-sided chest pain that was partially relieved by leaning backward and noted persistent fatigue for several days. Pericardial friction rub, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram abnormalities were not detected. After discharge on the morning following admission, fatigue and fever several minutes after physical exertion continued. The patient contracted influenza type B, leading to pneumonia and a second hospitalization, during which echocardiography showed moderate pericardial effusion. We conclude that the patient had pericarditis on the first admission because other compatible causes of chest pain were ruled out, symptoms were compatible with non-effusive pericarditis and could not be ruled out since CMR was not done, and the patient tested positive during his second admission for multiple known etiologic agents of pericarditis. We highlight the importance of CMR in screening patients presenting with chest pain of unknown origin to facilitate early detection and intervention.

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Mucociliary Respiratory Epithelium Integrity in Molecular Defense and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Viral Infections

Cited by 35 publications

References 324 publications

Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Invasive Fungal Infection

Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Invasive Fungal Infection

The Renshen Chishao Decoction Could Ameliorate the Acute Lung Injury but Could Not Reduce the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation

Influenza Type B Complicates a Previously Undiagnosed Case of Pericarditis

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