Mucociliary Clearance in the Trachea

Wanner, Adam

doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(21)00421-4

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Before the inspired air enters the alveoli, it should be cleansed firstly. To carry out this function, the mucosa of airways is lined with a specialized respiratory epithelium, and there are welldeveloped cilia and numerous mucous/serous glands (Wanner, 1986). In a word, these structures are necessary and together carry out so-called mucociliary clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tobacco and dust) that do become trapped in the mucin are carried toward the mouth by ciliary movement and expelled by coughing. This mechanism is called mucociliary clearance (Wanner, 1986). However, small foreign bodies, including most pathogens, can easily escape the physical barrier system and arrive at the pulmonary alveoli by inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Respiratory System and Related Functions Based on AQPs Expression

et al. 2023

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A great deal of attention of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing, particularly in relation to haze days. It is that exposure to cigarette smoke augments the toxicity of common air contaminants, thereby increasing the complexity of respiratory diseases. Although there are various mechanisms involved to respiratory diseases caused or worsen by cigarette smoking, in which the role of AQPs in the lung with regard to fluid homeostasis still remains elusive. In this paper, we copied the rat models based on smoke generator, and investigated the morphological changes of mucosa and related functions depending on the balance of lining liquid of alveoli via AQPs expression. Compared with normal group, weak labelling of AQP1 and AQP5 protein abundance were clearly detected in the corresponding part of smoke exposure groups compared with normal group. Hence, it is suggested that the contribution of AQPs in the lung is diminished, thereby causing perturbed balancing between resorptive and secretory fluid homeostasis under cigarette smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Respiratory System and Related Functions Based on AQPs Expression

et al. 2023

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“…Among these epithelial cells, goblet cells secrete a dense, protective mucus that traps foreign particles and pathogens while also disrupting bacterial aggregation (Figure 1). The mucus, carrying trapped foreign substances, is continuously expelled via coordinated movement by the mucociliary "escalator" [53,54]. This mucociliary clearance removes large foreign materials (>5 µm) from the upper respiratory tract (URT).…”

Section: Barriers Of Vaccines Inoculated Via Respiratory Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa

Tang

Cai

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.

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TNF-α, IL-8, soluble ICAM-1, and neutrophils in sputum of cystic fibrosis patients

et al. 1996

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The cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) have important roles in regulating neutrophil migration and the inflammatory response. To determine whether the concentration of these cytokines and soluble ICAM‐1 (sICAM‐1) in sputum was increased in patients with cystic fibrosis during acute exacerbations, we conducted (1) a cross‐sectional study of 40 patients, 22 who were clinically well and 18 with acute pulmonary exacerbations; and (2) an 11 months longitudinal study of 16 patients. Significant differences in clinical scores, pulmonary function, and sputum neutrophil density were found between the acutely ill and the well group. There was a strong linear relationship (P < 0.0005) between TNF‐α and IL‐8 concentrations in sputum, but no association between clinical status and cytokine concentrations. The concentration of sICAM‐1 was lower in acutely ill compared with well patients in the cross‐sectional study. Recovery of exogenous IL‐8 added to sputum was complete, while recovery of TNF‐α averaged 70%. Recovery of exogenous sICAM‐1 was only 43%, and the recoveries were lower in sputum samples from acutely ill patients than those from stable patients (P = 0.018). These data indicate that in cystic fibrosis patients, sputum concentrations of TNF‐α and IL‐8 are not increased during acute exacerbations of pulmonary inflammation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996; 21:11–19. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Mucociliary Clearance in the Trachea

Cited by 23 publications

References 49 publications

Morphological Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Respiratory System and Related Functions Based on AQPs Expression

Morphological Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Respiratory System and Related Functions Based on AQPs Expression

Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa

TNF-α, IL-8, soluble ICAM-1, and neutrophils in sputum of cystic fibrosis patients

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