Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells

Ma, Jonathan; Rubin, Bruce K.; Voynow, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.008

Cited by 288 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Consistent with previous reports 61–63 , we detected an increase in goblet cells in the lungs of current smokers: while 17% of cells from non-smokers expressed the canonical goblet marker MUC5AC 53 , 47% of cells collected from smokers were positive for MUC5AC (Figure 4C-D). Cells that expressed other mucus- and goblet cell-related genes, including MUC1 67 , AGR2 68 , and SPDEF 69 , were similarly over-represented in the lungs of smokers. KRT5+ basal stem cells were depleted in the smokers’ epithelia, likely reflecting their differentiation into secretory cells (Figure 4C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract

Smith

Sausville

Girish

et al. 2020

Preprint

100

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The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 600,000 people and has overwhelmed hospital systems around the world. However, the factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs. Using single-cell sequencing data, we demonstrate that ACE2 is expressed in a subset of epithelial cells that line the respiratory tract, including goblet cells, club cells, and alveolar type 2 cells. Chronic smoke exposure triggers a protective expansion of mucus-secreting goblet cells and a concomitant increase in ACE2 expression. In contrast, quitting smoking causes a decrease in lung ACE2 levels. Taken together, these results may partially explain why smokers are particularly likely to develop severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, and they suggest that quitting smoking could lessen coronavirus susceptibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract

Smith

Sausville

Girish

et al. 2020

Preprint

100

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“…It is widely accepted that among several control mechanisms used to avoid or at least to ameliorate the impact of PM exposure in the airways, mucus secretion is considered to be the first-line defense against air pollutant particles [27]. In a general way, mucins are the major molecule that compounds the mucus and is essential for airway defense due to the capacity of binding pathogenic agents and pollutant particles [28]. It has been demonstrated that cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A are associated with mucus secretion in different situations [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Inflammatory Airway Response of Street Runners and Sedentary People

et al. 2019

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Physical exercise promotes many health benefits. However, its effects are not well known in a polluted environment. Thus, this study aimed to compare upper airway inflammatory responses between street runners and sedentary individuals. Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited: runners (n = 14) and sedentary individuals (n = 14), who lived and worked in the same metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil. Particulate matter (PM) levels were monitored ten weeks before winter (low PM levels) and ten weeks after the beginning of winter (high PM levels) [PM10 (p < 0.0001) and PM2.5 (p < 0.0001)]. The cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A) levels in the nasal lavage and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were taken at the beginning of the winter (baseline) and ten weeks afterwards (after ten weeks of high PM exposure). IL-6 concentration increased in both runners (p = 0.037) and sedentary individuals (p = 0.027) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. IL-10 concentration increased in sedentary individuals (p = 0.037) while IL-17A levels were increased in runners (p = 0.001) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. FeNO levels decreased in runners (p = 0.025) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. Outdoor endurance training acts as an inducer of a differentiated immune response in the upper airways of runners compared to individuals with a sedentary lifestyle from the same community after elevated PM exposure.

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“…Goblet cells are not only helping to establish the innate immune system but also key players in pulmonary diseases, as described before. 37 These cells produce cytokines and chemokines that recruit and educate innate immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells, and eosinophils. This contributes to the CD4 + T helper cell 2 (Th2)-mediated immune response typical of asthma.…”

Section: Broncho-epithelial Cells and Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was well established that the innervated MECs encircle the submucosal glands and mediate mucus secretion in response to neural inputs, which can activate massive secretory responses after stimulation by irritants and toxins (also reviewed in Boers et al 86 and Yei et al 120 ). 37,42,121 However, recent work by Lynch et al 122 and Tata et al 123 have explained the potency of MECs in generating seven cell types of surface airway epithelium and the submucosal gland following airway injury. These can be activated via Sox9 or Lef-1 transcriptional signaling, and they can be exploited for regenerative medicine.…”

Section: Alveolar Cells and Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in mRNA-Based Protein Supplementation Therapy to Target Lung Diseases

et al. 2019

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The lung has a very unique architecture to enable efficient transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide required for oxidative metabolism. Inhaled gases travel through the airway tubes via trachea bronchi and bronchioles to the alveoli enriched with blood vessels, the primary site of gas exchange. Inflation and deflation of the lung is a prerequisite for gas exchange at the alveoli. This process requires multiple components like the extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cells, and cartilage for support and flexible collagen and the elastin fiber network for flexibility during inflation and deflation. Precisely regulated surface fluids, electrolytes, and mechanical activity of secretory

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Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells

Cited by 288 publications

References 86 publications

Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract

Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract

The Effect of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Inflammatory Airway Response of Street Runners and Sedentary People

Recent Developments in mRNA-Based Protein Supplementation Therapy to Target Lung Diseases

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